This guide is in no way connected to or endorsed by either the United States Green Building Council or the Green Building Certification Institute. © 2009 This guide is designed to work in conjunction with other resources as cited by the Green Associate Candidate Handbook. In particular, the Building Design and Construction Reference Guide, 2009 should be a key resource in your exam preparation. Best of luck! 4 The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) was created with the intention of revolutionizing the building industry. Based in Washington, DC, this diverse membership of organizations has put together a program that incorporates consensus-driven, committeebased product development with rating and accreditation systems to help ensure a sustainable future for the building industry. Since 2001, more than 100,000 building professionals have earned the LEED AP® credential by demonstrating their understanding of sustainable building design, construction and operation. More federal, state and local governments are requiring LEED© certification on new or existing building projects, and the demand for a trained professional is increasing. Currently, the Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI) is the governing body for the certification of buildings and accreditation of professionals. Prior to the LEED© version 3 changes for 2009, the USGBC oversaw all building certification activity, while the GBCI focused on the accreditation of professionals. Currently, there are 67 Chapters of the USGBC nationwide, and the program is experiencing exponential growth. About the USGBC & GBCI Benefits for LEED® Green Associates and APs include: • Valuable and marketable credential for employers, prospective employers, and/or clients. • Listing on USGBC web site directory of LEED® APs. • LEED® AP certificate of recognition for involvement in LEED® project. • Eligibility for projects on which owners are mandating the participation of a LEED® AP. • Strengthened qualifications when responding to Request for Proposals (RFPs) requiring LEED® APs. • Contributing to your professional development. The U.S. Green Building Council has very specific policies on when and where its logo and trademarks can be used. Logo guidelines, which can be found online at www.usgbc.org, state specific legal requirements for using its registered and owned trademarks. These guidelines include: • Only using EPS graphics provided by the USGBC for logos. Captured or scanned images are not allowed. Acceptable sizes range from 20% less to 380% more than the original image on print documents, or between 50 and 200 pixels on web pages. • Requiring the trademark symbol ® after the first, most prominent use of a registered 5 trademark. Proper uses include the first page of each section in a website and each section in a long printed document. • Including the TM or SM symbol for marks owned by, but not yet registered to, the USGBC. • USGBC trademarks must include ownership information such as, the statement: LEED® and related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and is used by permission. • These trademarks can only refer to USGBC products, not those from another organization or company. • The USGBC symbols cannot be the largest graphic item on a page. • These symbols cannot be construed as imparting an official endorsement of any product or service. • The USGBC marks cannot be used on official sales or disclosure documents. • They cannot be used in relation to any complaints or criticisms of the USGBC. • The USGBC symbols may not be merged into another logo. • The USGBC can disapprove the use of any of its symbols on non-organizational materials. Examples of inappropriate USGBC logo uses are shown online.6 How to become a LEED Professional Tier I: Green Associate The Green Associate credential is for building professionals who want to understand green building principles across various areas of practice. Knowledge associated with the exam includes the basics of green design, construction and operations. This is the first step for professionals looking to become LEED APs. This exam is recommended for people not directly involved in the building process: realtors, community managers, urban planners, etc. Prerequisites: Have previous experience on a LEED-registered project OR Attend an educational program focusing on green building basics OR Be employed in a sustainable field of work Tier II: LEED AP+ The LEED AP+ credential is indicative of a deep knowledge and understanding of green building practices, as well as the LEED credit rating systems and reference guides. LEED APs are hold a credential under one or more specialties. Prerequisites: Have previous experience on a LEED-registered project AND Take and pass the Green Associate Exam Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance refers to the ongoing operations of existing buildings and schools. Building Design and Construction should be used for major renovations, new construction, core and shell, and schools. Interior Design and Construction is for commercial and retail interiors Homes is for residential neighborhoods looking to become LEED Certfied Neighborhood Development has yet to be released. Look for it in 2010.7 The USGBC has recently revamped the LEED Accredited Professional Program, beginning April 27, 2009. LEED® AP candidates who registered for their exams by April 1, 2009, and successfully passed the exam by June 30, 2009, are registered as Legacy LEED® APs under the older program. Anyone else wishing to become a LEED® Accredited Professional must now meet new requirements from the Green Building Certification Institute: 1. Candidates must take and pass the Green Associate (Tier I) exam. This exam is required for any candidate wishing to continue to become a LEED® AP+. 2. Pass one of the LEED® AP exams showing a depth of knowledge in a specific field. Each exam can be taken until passed. These categories are: • Building Design & Construction • Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance • Interior Design & Construction • New Homes • Neighborhood Development (scheduled for release in 2010) A third tier, the LEED® AP Fellow, is still being developed. Details have not yet been released. Requirements to take the LEED Green Associate Exam In order to meet the prerequisites and be eligible to take the LEED Green Associate Exam the applicant must: Agree to the disciplinary policy and credential maintenance program (CMP) as outlined, and sign the appropriate form AND satisfy one of the following requirements: A. Be currently employed in a sustainable field of work OR B. Have previous experience supporting a LEED-registered project OR C. Attend an education program that addresses green building principles. Requirement A, as well as one of the other criteria (B-D) must be met to demonstrate eligibility. Your experience must be documented in the form of a letter of attestation from a supervisor, client, project manager, or teacher and must describe your involvement on the job or in the classroom. The GBCI will accept a certificate of completion or an official transcript in lieu of a letter of attestation. Five to seven percent of all applications will be audited to prove compliance. Green Associate Exam The LEED Green Associate exam is designed to measure your knowledge of green building basics. The Green Associate exam is comprised of 100 multiple choice questions randomly delivered. You will have 2 hours to complete the test and 10 minutes to complete a tutorial prior to the exam, as well as an optional 10-minute survey at the end of the test.8 Green Associate Credential Maintenance Program In order to maintain the Green Associate active status, you must participate in 15 hours of continuing education every 2 years, with 3 hours obtained from an approved program specific to the LEED Rating System, credit categories, and LEED updates. Details can be found at www.gbci.org. Cost Associated with the LEED Green Associate Exam Credential Fees: $50 application fee; $150 fee per exam appointment for USGBC National Members and full-time students, or $200 fee per exam appointment for all others; $50 maintenance fee every 2 years. Application Fee Examination Fee Maintenance $50 $150/member $200/non-member $50/2 years Requirements to take a LEED AP exam To take the LEED AP exams, you must have previous experience with a LEED Registered Project within three years of your application submittal date. This work experience must be documented in the form of a letter of attestation from a supervisor, client, or project manager and must describe your involvement on the LEED Project as a consultant, contracted worker, member of the LEED Project Team, LEED Homes Provider, LEED Commercial Reviewer, LEED Homes Green Verifier, or staff member of a Certifying Body (CB). As with the Green Associate exam, candidates must also agree to the disciplinary policy and credential maintenance requirements and submit to an application audit. Five to seven percent of all applications will be audited.9 Accredited Professional Credential Maintenance Program To maintain the LEED AP credential, the LEED AP must participate in 30 hours of continuing education required every 2 years, with 6 hours obtained from an approved program specific to the LEED Rating System, credit categories, and LEED updates. Cost Associated with the LEED Accredited Professional Credential Fees: $100 application fee; $300 USGBC National Member fee per exam appointment or $450 non-member fee per exam appointment; $50 maintenance fee every 2 years. Any additional specialty exam is $150 for USGBC National Members per exam appointment and $250 for non-members per exam appointment, plus the application fee. Application Fee Examination Fee Maintenance $100 $300/member $450/non-member $50/2 years Accredited Professional Exam The LEED Accredited Professional exam is designed to measure your knowledge of the subject matter. Similarly to the Green Associate exam, the LEED AP exam is comprised of 100 multiple choice questions randomly delivered. The time limit is 2 hours, plus a 10-minute tutorial and optional 10-minute survey at the end of the exam. The total exam appointment is 2 hours, 20 minutes. In today's society, the benefits of green living have become increasingly apparent. LEED certification proves dedication to sustainability and could boost the value of a building. By adhering to LEED® guidelines, you can reduce your environmental footprint and rest assured that you are in a healthy living and work environment. LEED®certified projects range from new construction and commercial interiors to schools and homes. There are many benefits to having a LEED® certified project, such as lower operating costs, conservation of water and energy, increased value, reduced emissions, healthier occupants and a more productive work environment. The long-term benefits of having a LEED® certified building can outweigh the initial impact to the project budget. LEED® Certification10 LEED certification is earned by complying with all of the Minimum Project Requirements (MPRs), satisfying all of the prerequisites, and by successfully complying with the requirements for enough credits to total at least 40 points. Projects must comply with the rating system which is current at the time of project registration. More information on project registration can be found later in this guide. Review and Certification Appeals may be filed after receipt of a final design phase or construction phase review when a credit has been determined to be 'Denied'. The project team has 25 business days after the receipt of a denied credit to file an appeal with the USGBC. The cost for an appeal is $500/credit. Detailed information and documents for appeals can be found on LEED-Online Appeals Information on registration and certification fees can be found on the GBCI website. Design and construction application reviews require full payment before the GBCI will commence review activities. Any fees for registration, appeals, and expedited certification are nonrefundable. Fees The USGBC does not allow credit substitutions between LEED rating systems. Projects need to switch over to a specific version of a rating system in its entirety. Credit Substitutions The LEED process uses voluntary, sustainable performance standards for the environmentally sound construction and operation of buildings. Building owners can apply for any of four LEED® certification levels if their buildings meet each rating systems' prerequisites and can achieve the proper scores. Buildings can be certified at one level, then recertified later at another level. Green Buildings: Operations and Maintenance certification is used for older, non-LEED buildings seeking their first certificate, and already certified New Construction, Core & Shell, and Schools looking for ongoing operations certification.11 Did you know? Buildings and their construction account for : 72% of total electricity use in the U.S. More than 40% of primary energy use 136 million tons of waste in the U.S. 39% of total greenhouse gas emissions 13.6% of potable water use 3 billion tons of raw material use annually12 The Growth of Green The green building industry is expected to skyrocket in the next several years. The government is funneling money into the economy by creating jobs for green professionals. Within the next several years, sustainable construction projects are expected to account for 10% of all new projects. Schools are utilizing 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Thousands of Registered projects the LEED rating systems to help better students' education, and hospitals are focusing on Indoor Environmental Air Quality credits to provide a better environment for patients. Already, entire cities are requiring new construction to be LEED certified. We're preparing ourselves for a sustainable future. Projected Green Building Market Value 2006 2010 Projection U.S. Market $12 billion (new) $130 billion (renovation) $36-$60 billion (new) $240 billion (renovation) Commercial & Institutional $4 billion $10-$20 billion Residential $8 billion $20-$40 billion 13 The Cost of Green It's a common misconception that green buildings cost significantly more to build than "traditional" non-green buildings. While this might hold true in some cases, according to "The Cost of Green Revisitied" by Davis Langdon, many projects are achieving LEED Certification within their budgets, and within the same cost range as non-LEED projects. Green or not, it is true that construction costs have risen dramatically. Projects can still achieve the certification levels, though the cost to construct a sustainable building can initially be slightly more than a non-green structure. However, operational costs are significantly lower over time. In his essay, Langdon does attribute the unwillingness to seek LEED certification to the idea that "green" is still thought to be an added feature in a building, rather than a standard. While the hard costs of a building project using sustainable methods may be greater, operating costs over time will almost certainly be less. An example may be energy efficient HVAC systems that utilize graywater for cooling, rather than potable water. The initial financial impact of the system may be greater than a traditional system, but reducing water use will allow for lower utility bills over time. Another example may be solar panels. They're expensive to install, but overall energy purchasing will be less, which lowers the costs of operation. "Our analysis suggests that the cost per square foot for buildings seeking LEED certification falls into the existing range of costs for buildings of similar program type," the study states. If these hard costs are similar to nongreen costs, and soft costs, such as permits and fees are identical, reduced operating costs over each system's life-cycle is where developers are likely to see substantial savings. "There is no significant difference in average costs for green buildings as compared to nongreen buildings." Key findings in "The Cost of Green" are: • Many projects are achieving LEED® within their budgets, and within the same cost range as non-LEED® projects. • Construction costs have risen dramatically, but projects are still achieving LEED® certification. • The idea that "green" is an added feature continues to be a problem. Other important comments are that green buildings can be created with little or no added cost—the sustainable design requirements are not considered added burdens. As well, few projects seek greater energy efficiency than required by local regulations. "Until design teams understand that green design is not additive [to costs], it will be difficult to overcome the notion that green $ 14 Less than 50,000 Square Feet 50,000- 500,000 Square Feet More than 500,000 Square Feet LEED for New Construction, Commercial Interiors, Core & Shell, and Schools Fixed Rate Based on Square Feet Fixed Rate Design Review Members $1,250.00 $0.025/ sq. ft. $12,500.00 Non-members $1,500.00 $0.03/ sq. ft. $15,000.00 Construction Review Members $500.00 $0.01/ sq. ft. $5000.00 Non-members $750.00 $0.015/sq. ft. $7500.00 Combined Design & Construction Review Members $1,750.00 $0.035/ sq. ft. $17,500.00 Non-members $2,250.00 $0.045/ sq. ft. $22,500.00 LEED for Existing Buildings Fixed Rate Based on sq. ft. Fixed Rate Initial Certification Review Members $1,250.00 $0.025/ sq. ft. $12,500.00 Non-members $1,500.00 $0.03/ sq. ft $15,000.00 What Does LEED Cost? costs more, especially in an era of rapid cost escalation," the study states. In addition to green site selection, programs and budgeting concerns, sustainable methods should be included in construction scheduling. This includes, for example, arranging for regular pick-ups or transfers of sorted construction waste to recycling stations to help lower costs associated with hauling. The complete study can be downloaded free from www.davidlangdon.com/USA/Research/ ResearchFinder/2007-The-Cost-of-Green- Revisited/. Green Building Costs vs Traditional Building Costs Hard Costs are the guts of a building. Framing, equipment, and building materials, for example. These costs tend to be slightly higher to purchase for a green building. Soft Costs are necessary costs that don't produce a tangible good. Permit fees, consultation services, etc. These costs are about the same, regardless of whether the building is built greener or not. Life Cycle Costs are the total costs over the lifetime of a building. These calculations take into effect operations and maintenance costs and system replacement costs, for example. Think of these as cradle-to-grave figures. They tend to be lower in green buildings than traditional structures. 15 LEED Rating Systems The LEED program is broken down into seven different rating systems. Three rating systems are under the Building Design and Construction specialty: New Construction, Schools and Core & Shell. Each rating system is to be used for a specific type of construction. For example, if a project is situated in an urban setting-let's say Chicago-on a lot that had previously been home to an old shoe factory. The project team may opt to keep much of the existing building, but renovate it for use as a family restaurant. This project would fall under the New Construction Rating System. Another example may include updating the interior of a big box store that has seen better times. This renovation may fall under Commercial Interiors. When determining which specialty exam to take, decide based on the type of project that you would usually participate in. 16 Core & Shell LEED for Core & Shell is for developments where the project teams do not control the entire scope of whole building design and construction. The scopes for these projects can vary significantly, but in general these are projects where the developer controls systems like mechanical, electrical and plumbing, but has no control over the construction of tenant spaces. Some examples include commercial and medical office buildings. This rating system can be applied if 50% or less of the building's leasable square footage is occupied by the owner. For greater than 50% occupancy by the owner, LEED for New Construction would be more appropriate. For more information, Appendices 1 through 5 in the LEED for Building Design and Construction Reference Guide give guidance toward some of the more unique aspects of certification under this rating system. Schools LEED for Schools must be used for new construction or major renovation of an academic building on K-12 grounds. Non-academic buildings on a campus, postsecondary academic buildings, and pre-kindergarten buildings may use either LEED for Schools or LEED for New Construction. If a project does not include significant design and construction activities but focuses more on operations and maintenance, then using LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance would be more appropriate. Information on this rating system can be found in the Building Design and Construction Reference Guide. New Construction and Major Renovations LEED for New Construction can be applied to the design and construction activities associated with new buildings and major renovations. Major renovations are defined as significant HVAC and/or envelope modifications, as well as major rehabilitation to interior spaces. Building types falling under this rating system include offices, institutional buildings, hotels and residential buildings with 4 or more habitable stories. For projects where 50% or less of the building's leasable square footage is occupied by the owner, LEED for Core & Shell would be a more appropriate rating system. This rating system can be found in the Building Design and Construction Reference Guide from the USGBC. Neighborhood Development LEED for Neighborhood Development has not yet been released. This rating system will integrate the concepts of smart growth, new urbanism, and green building for large scale neighborhood design projects. 17 Homes LEED for Homes addresses several types of new residential construction. This includes single-family homes, low-rise multi-family, production homes, affordable homes, manufactured and modular homes, and major remodels of existing homes. Mixed-use projects that include a combination of commercial and/or retail with residential would use LEED for New Construction. Commercial Interiors LEED for Commercial Interiors addresses tenant spaces in office, retail and institutional buildings where the tenants who lease the space do not occupy the entire building. It is designed to compliment LEED for Core & Shell which certifies buildings in terms of the developer's involvement with base building systems but where they are not involved with tenant spaces. Information on this rating system can be found in the Interior Design and Construction Reference Guide from the USGBC. Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance was designed to certify the sustainability of ongoing operations of existing commercial and institutional buildings. Eligible building types include offices, retail and service establishments, institutional buildings, hotels, and residential buildings with four (4) or more habitable stories. This rating system is applicable to building operations, process upgrades, minor space-use changes, and minor facility alterations or additions. It can also be applied to buildings that are new to LEED certification, as well as buildings previously certified under other rating systems. Specifically, the rating system addresses exterior building maintenance programs, water and energy use, environmentally preferred products and practices for cleaning and alterations, sustainable purchasing policies, waste stream management, and ongoing indoor environmental quality. It is a whole-building rating system; therefore, individual tenant spaces are ineligible. 18 EBOM special considerations Not all rating systems are created equally. Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (EBOM) is the only rating system that exists for buildings that have already been constructed and are in use but could stand to be a little greener. The EBOM Rating System helps to ensure the sustainable operations of buildings, and can be used for previously certified LEED buildings, or buildings with no certification at all. Because it's an ongoing operational program, it has some different requirements that must be met before certification. Under the EBOM Rating System, buildings must prove compliance within a performance period. This continuous (unbroken) period shows that all of the building systems are in order and are operating properly. The goal is to measure systems' efficiency. Initial certification requires a minimum performance period of three months (except when specific credits require a longer period for compliance) and a maximum of 24 with no gaps. Performance periods for each credit must end within a week of each other. Figures from the performance period must be submitted within 60 days of completion. For more information regarding the performance period, see the Green Buildings: Operations and Maintenance Reference Guide, 2009 Edition. With all other rating systems, once the certification is complete, it's done. There's no more work that needs to be done to maintain their status. The EBOM Rating System is a little different and requires that a building be recertified every five years or sooner. The recertification fee is 50% of the initial certification fee. The performance period for recertification is the entire period between initial certification and the current application. 19 LEED v3 The GBCI recently revamped the LEED rating system and accreditation program. The method for becoming a LEED AP was changed to include the new Green Associate program, and other improvements were also made. According to the GBCI, improvements to the older LEED® Rating Systems include the following: • Harmonization. This ensures all credits and prerequisites are consistent and aligned through all LEED® 2009 rating systems. • Weighting. More weight—and more project points—is given to those strategies causing the greatest improvement in energy efficiency and reduction in carbon dioxide emissions. Credits are weighted based on 13 prioritized environmental impact categories. LEED® 2009 will now use a 100-point scale, with optional bonus points available. • Regionalization. The goals of this section are to reward projects with "bonus" points when they achieve credits that are considered a priority for the project's region. Different regions of the country have different environmental considerations. To determine which credits are considered regional priorities for a project, the USGBC website has searchable files organized by state and by zip code, or the information is available upon project registration. Each zip code has six designated, pre-existing credits which, when achieved, can earn a bonus point. Up to four (4) Regional Priority points can be claimed per project. All LEED credits are organized into various topics. These topics, which are common across all LEED® Rating Systems, are: • Sustainable Sites • Water Efficiency • Energy and Atmosphere • Materials and Resources • Indoor Environmental Quality • Innovations • Regional Priority (the newest category, added as part of LEED 2009) Each of these categories share common elements throughout the various rating systems, though specific credit names and requirements vary with each specialty. For example, the requirements to earn SS Credit 1 in LEED 2009 New Construction (from the LEED Reference Guide for Green Building Design and Construction) may be different from those required to earn SS Credit 1 under LEED 2009 for Existing Buildings Operations & Maintenance. 20 Credit Organization SS Credit 1: LEED® Certified Design and Construction 4 points Environmentally sound building and design is rewarded with this credit. This design makes it easier to achieve efficient building operations. Pick one of three options: Prove that the building was previously certified under LEED® for New Construction and Major Renovations. Prove the building was certified under LEED® for Schools. Provide proof the building was certified under LEED® for Core & Shell Development. Also, at least 75% of the floor area must be certified under LEED® for Commercial Interiors. This can be done incrementally as new tenant improvements occur. The most common strategy used is earning LEED® certification for New Buildings or Major Renovations. For Option 3, determine the percentage of gross floor area certified under LEED® CI, and sum of the floor area of certified spaces. Divide by the project's total gross floor area. This number must be at least 75% Value Intent Requirements Project Implementation Calculations Submittal Documentation Required Decision Makers Referenced Standards & Resources Related Credits Exemplary Performance Regional Variations Refer to LEED® Online for the required documentation. Included should be a copy of the USGBC scorecard proving previous certification. No decision makers are specified for this credit. US Green Building Council (www.usgbc.org), LEED® Green Building Rating System. LEED® Registered Project Tools (www.usgbc.org/ projecttools) for registered users only. None listed There are no Innovative or Exemplary Points available for SS Credit 1. None associated with this credit. Specific requirements. Each project must achieve these goals. Many credits have two or more options, sometimes with multiple choices for each. Project implementation. This is typically a guide as to how to meet the requirements. Submittal documentation. Specific requirements for each credit are provided through LEED-Online. Many credits also require additional documentation. Decision makers. The person responsible for submitting each credit is also detailed on-line. However, there are titles of people who typically submit each credit, such as the property manager. Related credits. Some of the work done to meet one credit may also apply to other credits. Exemplary performance requirements. Additional points can be earned by going above and beyond the basic. This section explains what those requirements are. Projects must earn a set number of points to get their LEED certificates. This means meeting the required prerequisites and achieving enough points for the desired certificate level. Every LEED prerequisite and credit follows the same basic organization. They all start with the intent, or what the item is designed to achieve, then continue with these additional sections: Value. The number of points available for this specific credit. A set number of points must be accrued in order to certify a building under the LEED guidelines. Intent. Why this credit is important or applicable. Referenced Standards. Occasionally the credit will require compliance with industry standards. This section shows those specific standards. Regional Variations. Ways in which to alter, or modify the credit's implementation based on where the project is located. Calculations. Mathematical formulas are provided for some credits, while others require using the ENERGY STAR® Portfolio Manager or other computerized tools. LEED® Online LEED® Online is the primary vessel for all LEED® project tracking, documentation submittals and team communication. Upon payment of the registration fee to the USGBC, the project team gains access to LEED® Online, where most of the necessary tools for certifying a LEED® project are located. Below is a description of the LEED® Registration process followed by a description of the components and tools located on LEED® Online. LEED® Online contains embedded calculators and tables to ensure that a submittal package is complete and accurate for the GBCI to review. Also, applicants with multiple projects have access to reporting tools that use data from projects across their entire LEED® portfolio. Finally, LEED® certificates for successful completion are also issued through LEED® Online. Project Registration Registration of a LEED® project with the USGBC requires a login ID and password for the LEED® Online website. With this, you can register a new project through the website: www.leedonline.com Below is an outline of the required information needed to register a LEED® project through the above link: Project Type Select a LEED® Rating System type (i.e. LEED®-NCv2.2, LEED®-CIv2.0, etc.): General Project Information Project Name: Is the project confidential? (Yes or no in terms of information usability by the USGBC): How did you hear about LEED®? (i.e. client, workshop, website, etc.): Project Address 1: Project Address 2: Project City: Project Country: Project State/US Territory/Canadian Province: Project Zip/Postal Code: Project Administrator Contact Information (person registering the project): First Name: Last Name: Job Title: Organization Name: Address 1: Address 2: City: Country: State/US Territory/Canadian Province: Zip/Postal Code: Telephone Number: Fax Number: Email Address: 236 Project Owner Information First Name: Last Name: Organization Name: Email Address: Project Details Owner Type (i.e. government, non-profit, other, etc.): Project Scope (i.e. multiple building, single building, etc.): Site Conditions (i.e. brownfield, greenfield, previously developed, etc.): Occupant Type (i.e. government, non-profit, mixed, etc.): Owner Occupied (Yes or No): Gross Square Footage: Project Budget: Current Project Phase (i.e. planning, design, construction, etc.): Project Type (Select ALL uses that apply) (i.e. retail, commercial, residential, etc.): Upon registration of the LEED® project, an invoice is generated that can be paid with a credit card or check. Currently, LEED® registration fees are $450 for USGBC members and $600 for non-members. Once the fee is paid, the Project Administrator (person who registered the project) can then access the project through LEED® Online where team members will be invited, credits will be attempted, and LEED® certification application documentation will be submitted. LEED® Online Components LEED® Online can be accessed by going to http://leedonline.usgbc.org. Your login ID and password information is the same as on the USGBC website. Upon logging into the LEED® Online website, you are initially brought to the Project Selector page. This page includes a list of the registered LEED® projects for which you are a team member. This page lists the following information for each project on your list: Project Selector • Name (of project) • Project Administrator (name) • City (location of project) • State (location of project) • Your Role (i.e. Architect, Engineer, Project Administrator, etc.) • Current Status (i.e. Design Application, Construction Application Review, etc.) • "Remove" button (to remove project from your list) • "Enter" button (to enter the project) At the bottom of the "Project Selector" page is a box for inputting an Access Code when adding new projects to your list. All team members invited to participate in a LEED® project receive an Access Code through email sent from the Project Administrator. Enter the Access Code in this box and click the "Add Project" button to add the new project to your list. Clicking the "Enter" button adjacent to a given project will brin2g y3o7u into the "Credit Scorecard and Status" tab for that project. This tab is one of seven (7) tabs that can be navigated for a given project. The following is a list of each tab and the corresponding information you can find in each: The LEED Online home page includes overview information about the LEED® Online process, the LEED® certification process and some other helpful reference information which can be viewed at any time during the duration of the project. A user can reach the Credit Scorecard and Status information by clicking "Enter" next to the desired project on their "Project Selector" page. This tab is also where all credit documentation tracking occurs. This tab includes sections for the following: My Action Items This section displays the next steps for the Project Administrator and the other team members. The Action Items displayed will vary depending on your project role, the project status and number of points anticipated or awarded. Once all the Design Prerequisites and at least one Design Credit have been completed an Action Item of "Submit Application Payment and Begin Review" will appear on the Project Administrator's account. It is important that the Project Administrator not click this button until the Project Team has documented all Design Credits they want to submit for review to the USGBC. Potential/Final LEED® Rating A rating will be displayed in the form of a highlighted crest (i.e. silver, gold, etc.) depending on the number of credits attempted. This rating is not a final ruling and should only be used by the project team as a gauge for project progress. All prerequisites need to be attempted and documented for a potential LEED® rating to appear. When the Project Administrator accepts the final rating from USGBC at the end of the Construction Review & Certification Award, the rating will be displayed as absolute. Attempted Credit Summary This displays the attempted points by the project. It also separates the total points between Design and Construction credits. Credit Scorecard This section is where the Project Administrator and project team will document credits. Most of the LEED® Certification work will be done in this section. To view the credits in each category, the Project Administrator and project team can click on the button "Expand All Credit Categories" or click on the arrow button next to each main Category title. The Credit Scorecard can be broken up into the following sections: • Points Documented • Credit Category & Number • Design & Construction • Credit Name & Documentation • Team Member Assigned & Attempted • Credit Status • Credit Indication • Possible Points 238 Points Documented Points Documented displays the number of credits which have been attempted and documented. The points attempted will feed the display for the potential/final LEED® rating (i.e. highlighted crest) in LEED® Online within the Credit Scorecard & Status page. Credit Category & Number Credit categories & numbers show the project team which category they are currently working on. An example of this section is "EA Credit 1" which stands for the category: Energy & Atmosphere Credit 1. Design & Construction Design and Construction refers to where the credit falls within the project phase. Credits marked as "D" are Design whereas credits marked as "C" are Construction. LEED®-NC is broken into these two phases to give the project team flexibility when planning, since the team will have the option whether to submit the Design credits at the end of the design phase of the project (defined as 100% Construction Documents). When opting for the Design submittal, the USGBC will review and mark each Design credit as either "Anticipated" or "Denied". A ruling on every credit that is submitted will be received, with a brief explanation of why any credits were denied. This optional Design submittal allows for the project team to better assess the total expected points for the project at an earlier stage and it allows for the application fee to be paid in part during the Design submittal with the remainder paid during the Construction submittal at the end of the project. If the project team does not take advantage of the Design submittal then all the credits are submitted during the Construction Submittal at the end of the project. In this case, the USGBC will review and mark each Design and Construction credit as either "Achieved" or "Denied". Credit Name & Documentation The name of the credit will always appear, whether the credit is attempted or unattempted. Once a credit is attempted in the Team Member Assigned & Attempted section by the Project Administrator, the name of the credit will become a hyperlink for the Project Administrator or the team member assigned to click in order to document the individual credit. Its important to note that before a project team member is able to click on the hyperlink for their credit, the Project Administrator must first chose a project team member role from the drop down for the credit name. Also, the project team members will only be able to click on the attempted credits they are specifically assigned to by the Project Administrator but the Project Administrator can click on any of the attempted credits for more information. Team Member Assigned & Attempted This is where the Project Administrator assigns a project team member role (defined in the "Team Admin" tab) to a specific credit. Once a project team member is assigned to a credit, that credit becomes an attempted credit for the project. Credit Status Credit status images show up depending on whether the documentation of the credit is complete or incomplete once it is attempted. A red exclamation point appears when the credit is first assigned to a project team role. This indicates the credit has been attempted, but the necessary template and documentation have not been uploaded to LEED® Online. The red 239 exclamation point becomes a white check mark when the credit template (located within the hyperlink for the credit) for that credit has been saved for the first time. The white check mark will become a green check mark when the Project Administrator or project team member assigned to that credit clicks on the "Mark as Complete" button inside the hyperlink for the credit. This green check mark indicates the template and documentation have been attempted, uploaded and complete. This section helps with internal organization and allows the Project Administrator and project team to see which attempted credits need to be filled out at any given time. Credit Indication Credit indication displays depend on the project stage. At first, all attempted credits will show as "Attempted" once a Project Administrator has assigned a project team member role to a credit. When doing a Design Review, all Design credits that are being deferred until Construction Review will show as "Deferred". When the Design Review or Construction Review are underway, the credits under review will show as "Under Review". Then when the Design Review is complete, the reviewed credits will show as either "Anticipated" or "Denied". When the Construction Review is complete, the reviewed credits will show as either "Achieved" or "Denied". Possible Points This shows the maximum number of points available per credit and category. The Points Documented section can be compared to this section to give the project team an idea of what proportion of the potential points are being captured. Inside the Credit Hyperlink The Claim of Credit Status displays information about the individual credit. It is broken into the four sections below: • Attempted On This displays the date the credit was first assigned to a project team member and marked as attempted. • Credit Status This displays the status of the credit (i.e. Attempted, Anticipated, Denied). • Assigned Team Role This displays the project team member assigned to the specific credit. • Defer until Construction Phase? When opting for the Design Review, this is where a Design credit can be deferred until the Construction Review. Also, this area is where a Project Administrator has the option to "Unattempt" a credit. Credit Template The Credit Template section is the main area where the Project Administrator or project team member assigned to the credit will document the necessary information for attempted credits. It is broken into the five sections below: • Template Status This displays whether a credit template has been submitted or not. Before it has been submitted, this section will display the date of the last saved update to the credit template. 240 • Manage Template This section is the most important section for documenting the credit. In this section you can click on the "Download Template" button for the credit template. The Credit Templates are powered by Adobe LiveCycle and use Adobe Reader to view and submit the template. These Credit Templates are specific to each credit and include built-in calculations and information about necessary supporting documentation. Project team members will need to include the completed Credit Templates for all attempted credits as part of the submission for review. Each template includes the following sub-sections: a. Responsible Individual & Company Name - Project team member's information. b. Credit Compliance - Specific information required relative to credit with built in calculations. c. Sheet Description Log - List of team member's supporting documentation. d. Points Documented - Shows total points relative to the data input in the Credit Compliance section. This is also where the project team member signs and dates the template with their same login ID and password for getting onto LEED® online. To update the template, the user needs to input their name, date, login ID, and password and then hit the "Save Template to LEED® Online" button. • Credit Resources This section is not included on most of the credits. However, when using the glazing factor method to determine the daylighting for the daylighting credits, this section includes a link to a PDF that allows for a simpler method of calculating the glazing factor. • Required Documents This is where the Project Administrator or the team member assigned to the credit can upload supplemental documentation asked for in the Credit Template. The required documentation needs to be uploaded along with the Credit Template for the credit to be reviewed by USGBC. However, project teams are not limited to only uploading the required supporting documentation and can submit any forms of documentation that may be appropriate for the credit. The system accepts any of the following formats for uploading: PDF, JPG, JPEG, GIF, TIF, BMP, PNG, DWF, DFW, XLS, DOC, TXT, ZIP. • Documentation Status This displays whether the credit is complete or not based on Credit Template submission and documents uploaded. Once the Credit Template and documents have been uploaded, the team member assigned to the credit can click on the "Complete" button to lock the template for complete status. The complete status isn't permanent—a credit that is marked as "Complete" can be marked as "Incomplete" as well if the team decides that there is more information needed before submission. This status can be adjusted at any time except when the credit is under review. Review Comments This is where the USGBC reviewers will supply comments when additional action is required to achieve the credit after either a Design or Construction Review has been completed. 241 Notes This section is used by the Project Administrator as an internal tool to discuss issues with credit documentation with the rest of the project team. Notes can be added at any time by any of the parties assigned to the credit. These are not viewed by the USGBC reviewers during the review process. The project summary refers to the information and specification of the project. Click on "Edit Project Summary" at the bottom of the Project Summary page to update or add any information. The Project Summary is broken up into eight sections: • Project Details • Project Contact • Project Cost • Project Information • Project Site • Project Building Code • Project Type • Details to be Confidential It's important to fill out the most current information in this section so the USGBC can better serve the project. Most of the information is taken from the project registration information but some additional information still needs to be input by the Project Administrator. Project Team This section is used by the Project Administrator to build and edit project team members associated with the project. There are two steps needed to add a Project Team member: • Project Access Code • Role Defined Project Access Code Project Team members will show up in this section once a user has entered the Project Access Code into their USGBC user account (users will NOT show up unless the Project Access Code has been added to their account: www.usgbc.org/your account). The project Administrator needs to add the team members' email addresses into the section "Invite Someone to Join This Project", below the Project Team section. This will automatically send information and the Project Access Code in an email to project team members to be added to the Project Team list. The Project Access Code is also displayed in Project Summary of LEED® Online. Role Defined Once a project team member has entered the Project Access Code into their account, that person will show up on the Project Team list. The Project Administrator can then assign a Team Role to the project team members. A role must be assigned for the project team members to have access to their assigned credits. Roles can be edited or created in "Manage Team Roles" in this page's view. Also, at any time a Project Administrator can edit user roles or delete a user all together. The roles assigned in this tab are the same roles referred to above in the Credit Scorecard & Status tab. A project team member will have hyperlinks for their assigned credits in the Credit Scorecard & Status 242 tab, and therefore access, to all credits assigned to the role that corresponds with their own role. Invite Someone to This Project Enter a person's email address in the field to send them an invitation to join the project. The person will receive an email with the project's Project Access Code along with instructions to add themselves as a project team member. Mange Team Roles This section allows a Project Administrator to add roles not predetermined in the system. A Project Administrator can remove and modify roles he/she has created but the predetermined roles cannot be removed or modified. Once created, these roles can be identified for each project team member. Note: The Team Admin tab can only be accessed by the Project Administrator and by one other who has the predetermined role called the "Project Team Manager". The Project Team Manager has the same privileges as the Project Administrator and can invite/delete project team members, attempt/unattempt credits and submit documentation for review to the USGBC. There is no limit to the number of Project Team Managers on a project team and this role is usually assigned to someone on the team who is with the same firm as the Project Administrator so that multiple people have full access to the project within that firm. The only real difference between the Project Administrator and the Project Team Manager is that the Project Administrator is the individual who actually registered the project. Similarly to adding other team members, the Project Administrator needs to send the access code to the Project Team Manager via e-mail, and assign them to a particular position. Drawings & Images This section can be used for the Project Administrator and team to upload any specific images or drawings of the project. This is a good place to upload general project documents (i.e. project building layout, before & after project pictures, etc.). The type of files you can upload are: PDF, JPG, GIF, TIF, BMP. Miscellaneous This section can be used for the Project Administrator and team to upload any documentation not covered in the credit documentation but that the Project Administrator and team would like USGBC to know about. The type of files you can upload are: PDF, JPG, GIF, TIF, BMP, XLS, DOC. Credit Interpretations The Credit Interpretations (or commonly called CIRs) are a way for the Project Administrator and team to receive feedback on any questions or clarifications on specific credits. The CIR page is broken up into two sections: • Find an Existing CIR • Submit a New CIR Both of these sections will be helpful for the Project Administrator and team as the project progresses. 243 Credit Interpretation Rulings The Credit Interpretation Request (CIR) and ruling process is for project applicants seeking technical and administrative guidance on how LEED® credits apply to their projects. If it can be determined through self-evaluation of the credit intent and requirements whether the credit is achievable or not achievable, then consulting the CIRs is unnecessary. If achievability cannot be determined through this method then a CIR submittal may be required. To avoid the fee ($220/ credit) for new CIRs, it is important to consult the existing list of CIRs before submitting a new one using the online form. The existing CIR pages can be accessed through the LEED® online website (http://leedonline. com) after the project has been registered with the USGBC. The CIR pages may provide guidance regarding the project's approach to a credit if a previous inquiry for that same credit had a similar approach. If a similar approach is found through the CIR pages, then the ruling in that case can be referenced when submitting the documentation for that particular credit in question. In these cases, project teams must adhere to the CIRs current at the time of registration. If no guidance is found, LEED® customer service may be able to look into the issue and confirm whether the approach warrants a new CIR. Highly technical or very unique applications are more likely to require a new CIR submittal. In these cases, project teams must adhere to the CIRs current at the time of registration in addition to the rulings received for their own CIRs. The rulings for the CIRs then create a precedent for future projects in terms of acceptable approaches to existing credits, thresholds for exemplary performance and innovations in design. Below is a sample Credit Interpretation Request and Ruling for an Innovation in Design inquiry from the USGBC database: Credit Interpretation Request (7/26/2007) Our project is a 3 story multi-family apartment building in a metro area. Part of the site was previously developed and contained two houses. In lieu of demolition of these structures, one of the houses was moved from the property - being sold to a 3rd party who has moved the house to a new location and is continuing to use the house as a residence - thereby extending its useful life and purpose. The second structure was in poor condition and was unlikely to continue to be used as a residence. This structure was donated to the local municipality for use by the public safety/fire department as an educational/training tool as part of a live fire training exercise. This, of course means that the house was burned as part of the training exercise and is no longer on the property. Our question is two fold: 1. The house that was moved rather than demolished and diverted from the waste stream continues to be used as a house and serves a family of four. We consider this a benefit as a family is provided affordable housing without the use and extraction of additional material resources. Also, because the house was moved it is being used in its entirety - diverting even more waste than would normally be realized through job site recycling. Should we include the weight of this house in our calculations for credit MR 2, and if so, how should we best estimate the weight of the structure? We will not be able to separate the weights of the various materials and components but will rather need to estimate the weight of the house en masse and list as a separate line item. or, should we apply for an Innovation and Design Credit for the reuse of the house? 2. The house that was donated to the local municipality for use by the public safety/fire department as an educational/training tool also diverted waste from the landfill. We understand that incineration of building materials and waste is not considered to meet the intent of MR 2 unless it is used as a biomass fuel generation source as determined by the ruling on 3/23/2004. 244 However, use of this structure benefits the public good - by providing firefighters necessary educational and life safety training experience so that they are better prepared to fight fires and rescue people in danger - the use of the house in this manner thereby helps to save lives and extend the public good beyond the material value of the structure. All of the burned material was removed from the site prior to the contractor's mobilization and control of the site. May we apply for an Innovation and Design Credit for this work? Supporting documentation will include narratives, a statement of activity by the public safety/fire department and an environmental report stating that the house contained no hazardous materials at the time of the fire fighting exercise. Ruling (8/16/2007) The applicant is proposing two measures: to include a relocated house in the calculations for MRc2 or to receive an innovation point for this measure, and to reuse an existing house for a fire department training use and achieving an innovation point using this strategy. The relocation of the first structure mentioned warrants an innovation point, as this reuse measure achieves a higher environmental impact than recycling of the materials of the house alone. Alternatively, the house can be included in MRc2 calculations; if the total project's diversion rate for MRc2 is 95% or higher, an ID point for exemplary performance can be pursued. The proposal for the second structure (donation for public safety/fire department use) can be included in the MRc2 calculations but does not warrant an innovation point alone. Consulting a structural engineer on the weights of both houses for these calculations is encouraged in order for the weights of the materials to be the most accurate. If a CIR is needed, new requests are submitted using the online form through LEED® Online. It's important to avoid stating the credit name or your contact information in the CIR, since the database automatically tracks this data. Confidential project details should also be excluded as the text will be posted on the USGBC web site. In addition, it is unnecessary to use a letter format for the CIR. Submissions are limited to 600 words—which equates to 4,000 characters including spaces—and there is no mechanism for submitting attachments. It is imperative to limit the request to only pertinent information which includes the most succinct background and/or supporting information that provides relevant project details only. Guidance can only be requested on one credit or prerequisite (unless there is technical justification to do otherwise) and generally contain one concise question or a set of related questions. It is often helpful to discuss the inquiry within context of the credit's intent. Credit language or achievement thresholds cannot be changed through the CIR process and Credit Interpretation Rulings do not guarantee credit award. The project applicant must also still demonstrate and document achievement during the LEED® Certification Application Process. In some rare cases, a project applicant submits a credit interpretation request that poses a broad reaching policy issue that cannot be readily addressed by the relevant Technical Advisory Group. For these cases, the USGBC reserves the right to circulate the interpretation request to the LEED® Steering Committee and/or relevant LEED® Committees as required. This will increase the timeline for response to these inquiries but project applicants will be notified if the CIR submitted falls into this category as soon as possible. Finally, the inquiry and ruling must be submitted with the LEED® application in order to ensure effective credit review. 245 Boundaries Throughout the LEED® documentation process, there are references to the different boundaries for a project. Below are some brief descriptions of each type of boundary with some information to help distinguish between the types: 1. Property Boundary – This is the legal boundary as defined for the property owner(s) whose property is/are at least, in part, within the scope of the LEED® project. 2. Project Boundary – This is the boundary of the total disturbed area as part of the physical construction of the structure. This boundary can be smaller than the property boundary if the total disturbed area doesn't include the entire property boundary. 3. LEED® Project Boundary – This is the boundary that defines the scope of the LEED® project, and everything within the LEED® Project Boundary site must be included in the LEED® documentation. This includes any structures, parking and landscaping. A LEED® Project Boundary must include all the contiguous land area owned by the building owner. However, surfaces not associated with the LEED® construction contract that arise from natural features/ infrastructure or that are owned by other parties (i.e. rivers, roads, train tracks, rights of way, easements, etc.) can be omitted from the LEED® Project Boundary. Also, the LEED® Project Boundary must include all the land that was or will be disturbed for the purpose of constructing the building or performing alterations/additions to the project. Approaches to some of the site credits may warrant a LEED® Project Boundary that exceeds the property owner's boundary, which is acceptable. A LEED® Project Boundary may also be non-contiguous (i.e. separate LEED® projects on a campus) if the following conditions are met: • The distance between non-contiguous parcel is no more than ¼ mile (0.40 kilometer) walkable distance apart. • Each non-contiguous parcel complies with the prerequisites and all earned credits. • The area between the non-contiguous parcels is described and demonstrates a legitimate need for non-contiguous parcels. • The same regulatory jurisdiction covers the entire site across all parcels. • Project teams may not make unreasonable exclusions or shapes that take advantage of the non-contiguous allowance for the sole purpose of complying with a prerequisite or credit. 246 USGBC Trademark and Logo Usage The U.S. Green Building Council has very specific policies on when and where its logo and trademarks can be used. Logo guidelines, which can be found online at www.usgbc.org, state specific legal requirements for using its registered and owned trademarks. These guidelines include: • Only using EPS graphics provided by the USGBC for logos. Captured or scanned images are not allowed. Acceptable sizes range from 20% less to 380% more than the original image on print documents, or between 50 and 200 pixels on web pages. • Requiring the trademark symbol ® after the first, most prominent use of a registered trademark. Proper uses include the first page of each section in a website and each section in a long printed document. • Including the TM or SM symbol for marks owned by, but not yet registered to, the USGBC. • USGBC trademarks must include ownership information such as, the statement: LEED and related logo is a trademark owned by the U.S. Green Building Council and is used by permission. • These trademarks can only refer to USGBC products, not those from another organization or company. • The USGBC symbols cannot be the largest graphic item on a page. • These symbols cannot be construed as imparting an official endorsement of any product or service. • The USGBC marks cannot be used on official sales or disclosure documents. • They cannot be used in relation to any complaints or criticisms of the USGBC. • The USGBC symbols may not be merged into another logo. • The USGBC can disapprove the use of any of its symbols on non-organizational materials. Examples of inappropriate USGBC logo uses are shown online. 247 Project Site Factors Community Connectivity • Public transportation involves the use of mass transit, including city bus lines and rapid transit light rail systems. Location of a building site near public transportation is important in achieving Sustainable Sites credits and to help reduce our reliance on petroleum products and reduce greenhouse gas emissions • For residential portions of projects, bicycle storage should include some type of covered structure for all building occupants' bicycles. For all other projects, secured bicycle storage is acceptable. • Fuel-efficient vehicles should be given priority parking, which will encourage their use. The same type of priority should also be given to car and van pools. • Parking capacity, while meeting local zoning codes and ordinances, should be constricted to discourage single occupant vehicle trips. • Owners of building sites in major metropolitan areas, such as San Francisco, may also want to encourage the use of car share memberships. See www.zipcar.com/ for an example. • Another method of reducing single occupant vehicle trips is by providing free or discounted shuttles from mass transit hubs to the building. These should be timed to coincide with major shift changes. • Providing sufficient and effective pedestrian access to various businesses and institutions is also a key to achieving some Sustainable Site credits. Crosswalks need to be clearly marked and ramps should be provided for people with disabilities as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). In appropriate locations, providing ready access to urban or rural trail systems, especially those with native vegetation and animal habitat, helps earn other Sustainable Site credits. Zoning Requirements Building projects seeking LEED® Certification must also comply with local zoning ordinances. Examining zoning maps, which is a key early step in site selection (part of several Sustainable Sites credits), can help developers locate their projects in areas appropriate for their use. Examining zoning maps also helps when looking at properties near potential building sites to ensure the project compliments the area. For example, a medical office building is appropriate near a park or school, but not an industrial complex. Be careful to ensure that your project conforms to specific zoning requirements. These can include limits on the building footprint in relation to the parcel size, mandatory open space requirements and possibly specific landscaping restrictions. Development In addition to careful site selection, project developers should pay attention to the effects of their hardscape on the surrounding environment (i.e. heat island effect). Heat islands refer to substances that absorb and retransmit heat from dark surfaces such as asphalt. Effectively dealing with heat islands is an issue for of several Sustainable Site credits. Methods to reduce these impacts, such as planting trees and other vegetation, also helps achieve several Energy and Atmosphere credits. Heat Island effects can be determined by measuring a building's solar reflective index (SRI). SRI values are calculated as a combination of the emissivity and reflectance, or albedo, of a material. Some 248 Sustainable Sites credits, for example, require minimum SRI values for hardscape materials. The higher the value, the lower the heat-island effect. Emissivity, which is the ratio of radiation emitted by one surface compared to another of solid black at the same outside temperature, is also a key component of heat island effect measurement. Albedo, which refers to a material's ability to reflect sunlight, is also a component, especially when dealing with heat islands on roofs. One of the most encouraged methods of controlling heat islands is through vegetation. Trees and native plants can help mitigate heat-island effects. Roof-top gardens are also effective and can help projects qualify for several Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy and Atmosphere, and Indoor Environmental Quality (through views of plants) credits. Water Management LEED® credit rating systems generally focus on two main topics for water: the efficient use of water supplies and the reduction of stress on municipal potable water and waste water systems. One common section amongst rating systems is Water Efficiency. This section's primary goal is reducing the demand on local potable water supplies. Credits tend to deal with ways of using nondrinkable water, such as used sanitation water and stormwater, for landscaping and wastewater. Reusing graywater, which the Uniform Plumbing Code defines as, "untreated waste water which has not come into contact with toilet water," can also help earn several credits. The efficient use of graywater can help earn credits in Water Efficiency, and Energy and Atmosphere, through using graywater in heat recovery systems. Harvesting, storing and using stormwater (rain and snow) is also a key component of several Water Efficiency credits. Stormwater, which is another form of non-potable water, can replace drinkable water used in landscape irrigation (Water Efficiency and Sustainable Sites credits), cooling towers (Indoor Environmental Quality plus Energy and Atmosphere) and sanitation. Another important method of reducing potable water use is through the purchase and use of lowflow toilet fixtures and urinals, sinks with automatic shut-offs and low-flow shower heads. Several Water Efficiency credits specifically require reducing the potable water demand. The baseline for potable water demand is set by the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Project Systems and Energy Impacts Effectively dealing with environmental concerns is another important element in LEED® certification. Reducing the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydro chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons—a component of some fire extinguishing systems—is a component of several Energy & Atmosphere credits. These substances contribute to ozone layer depletion and/or the potential for global warming. They are often found in building cooling systems, which impacts Energy and Atmosphere and Indoor Environmental Quality credits. Commissioning (see Energy and Atmosphere prerequisites), uses tools such as an ASHRAE Level II audit to examine a building's primary energy consuming systems. It looks at these systems with the goal of providing equal or greater comfort and function while using less energy. An ASHRAE Level II audit looks at these systems from the standpoint of replacing existing systems. In addition to reducing ozone depletion and global warming potential from project building systems, another way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is by using electricity generated from renewable sources. Using green power, and buying Green-e certificates, helps achieve one of the Energy and Atmosphere credits. 249 Acquisition, Installation and Management of Project Materials Recycling and reusing products on site, and reducing transportation impacts are key points of the Materials Resources credits. The goal is to reduce the amount of "trash" hauled to landfills, diverting it to either on-premise uses or appropriate recycling facilities. Other options include re-selling or donating any materials. Recyclable materials come in several forms. They include: • Pre-consumer waste, which is material that was discarded before it was ready for consumer use. A building industry example of reuse would be using boulders excavated at a job site for waterfree landscaping. • Post-consumer waste, which is material discarded after being used by consumers. Recycling used paper is a major industry. • Consumable products, such as paper, plastics, soft drink cans and durable goods. Some Materials and Resources credits require on-premise recycling collection points. These recycling bins can be sorted, where building occupants deposit only one type of product into each bin, or commingled. Co-mingling requires sorting at an external recycling facility. Transportation impacts on the environment can be reduced by buying products that are harvested and manufactured regionally. These include using some certified forest products and food items produced nearby, for example. Reusing sections of buildings—or components from them—undergoing demolition or major renovations is also a part of several MR credits. One of the earliest steps in construction waste management is the creation of a written plan. Having this plan alone helps meet some MR credit requirements. Determining the percentage of diverted content by weight or volume, and strategies to reduce the amount heading to landfills, is required for other MR credits. Asbestos removal is important to projects to reuse buildings (MR credits). It's also a component of a Brownfield redevelopment, which is a contaimated site. Stakeholder Involvement in Innovation Earning a LEED® certificate involves the work of the entire project team. The design team includes the architects, engineers, landscape architects and owners, among others. Architects familiar with green principals are used in the design stages. Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning engineers are used when major energy and water systems are purchased, repaired, upgraded or replaced (see Materials and Resources and Indoor Environmental Quality credits, among others). Landscape architects select specific plants, such as native and drought-tolerant (low- or no-water needed) species. Civil engineers are used in many roles from site excavation to actual construction. Contractors turn the design team's plans into actual projects. Facility managers ensure that all the major electrical and plumbing systems are working efficiently. Each of these people, including the owner, should be consulted early on in the project development. In addition, LEED® Online credit submittal documents require these professionals to verify that the various requirements have been met. Using the knowledge that these people possess is also important in durability planning and management. For example, when comparing the total purchase and operating costs of a traditional 250 cooling system to a similar system using sustainable technologies. Life-cycle costing, which is a way accountants evaluate the performance of a product or system over its useful life, can and should be used when buying durable goods. Durable goods purchasing applies to some MR credits. The architects, engineers and contractors are also the people who can help projects not only meet basic credit requirements, but qualify their buildings for Exemplary Performance points. Effectively using these people is a key when seeking Innovation in Design credits. Project Surroundings and Public Outreach While the owner, project team and eventual building occupants are all stakeholders in every building, other people not affiliated with the project are also impacted. Specifically, buildings seeking LEED® certification must not only meet the US Green Building Council requirements, but those of various professional organizations (such as the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Engineers, also known as ASHRAE) and governmental agencies (the South Coast Air Quality Management District, SCAQMD). In addition to these groups, projects must also adhere to local building, plumbing, electrical and mechanical codes. These codes, and the actions of local city councils and planning commissions, can limit the vertical height of buildings, for example. Fire protection must also be considered, especially when considering a project that might exceed the reach of available fire fighting and rescue equipment. 251 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- LEED®Building Design & Construction 2 Christopher Taylor, LEED®-AP • LEED®-AP since February 2, 2006 • Direct Experience on over 20LEED®Projects – Higher Education – K-12 – CA Mental Health Facilities – Sacramento City Libraries – Native American Casino Buildings – Local Utility Buildings • Master of Environmental Science & Management • Certificate in Green Building & Sustainable Design from the UC Davis Extension (2008) LEED®Rating Systems LEED®for New Construction and Major Renovations LEED®for Core and Shell LEED®for Schools LEED®for Commercial Interiors LEED®for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance LEED®for Homes LEED®for Neighborhood Development 3 Exam Fee for For combined exam (both part 1, Green Associate knowledge, and part 2, LEED-AP specialty): • USGBC national members: $300• • Non-members: $ 450 For specialty exam only: • USGBC national members: $150• • Non-members: $250 • Total Seat Time 2 hours 20 minutes • 10 minute tutorial 10 minute exit survey • 100 Multiple Choice Questions per exam 4 www.prometric.com Prometric Test Center Bring two forms of ID Arrive Early 5 Exam Scoring • 125 to 200 possible point • Passing score is 170 (scaled) 6 7 LEED®BD&C Exam Content I. Project Site factors II. Water Management III. Project Systems & Energy Impacts IV. Acquisition, Installation and Management of Project Materials V. Improvements to the Indoor Environment VI. Stakeholder Involvement in Innovation VII. Project Surroundings & Public Outreach Exam is designed to test your knowledge of: • The Credit Rating System • Your ability to facilitate the certification processPrimary References• LEED for Building Design & Construction Reference Guide• Sustainable Building Technical Manual• Guidance on Innovation & Design• Guidelines for CIR Customers• LEED Online • Cost of Green Revisited, by Davis Langdon (2007)• Energy Performance of LEED® for New Construction Buildings: 8 9 LEED®Credit Categories Sustainable Sites (SS) Water Efficiency (WE) Energy & Atmosphere (EA) Materials & Resources (MR) Indoor Environ. Quality (IEQ) Innovation in Design (ID) Regional Priority (RP) 10 LEED®Certification levels Gold 60-79 Platinum80+ Silver 50-59 Certified 40-49 100 Total possible points 11 12 What Does LEED®Cost? • Registrationwith the GBCI – $1,200 for Non-members &$900for Members • Certification Fees–Fees for LEED-NC, CI, CS, & Schools on the next slide… Less than 50,000 Square Feet 50,000-500,000 Square Feet More Than 500,000 Square Feet Appeals (if applicable) LEED 2009; New Construction, Commercial Interiors, Schools, Core & Shell full certification Fixed Rate Based on Square Footage Fixed Rate Per credit Design Review USGBC Members $2,000 $0.04/sf $20,000 $500 Non-Members $2,250 $0.045/sf $22,500 $500 Expedited Fee* $5,000 regardless of square footage $500 Construction Review USGBC Members $500 $0.010/sf $5,000 $500 Non-Members $750 $0.015/sf $7,500 $500 Expedited Fee* $5,000 regardless of square footage $500 Combined Design & Construction Review USGBC Members $2,250 $0.045/sf $22,500 $500 Non-Members $2,750 $0.055/sf $27,500 $500 Expedited Fee* $10,000 regardless of square footage $500 13 Sustainable Sites 14 Sites Key Terms & Concepts • Brownfield – ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Assessment • Full-time Equivalent (FTE) – 40hr/week equivalent – Total employee hours/8 • American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) • Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) – Emissivity (absorption & re-emittance) – Albedo(reflectance) • 2003 EPA Construction General Permit • ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007, Section 9 – Lighting Power Density 15 Sustainable Sites (SS) • Goals – Develop only appropriate sites – Reuse existing buildings and/or sites – Protect natural and agricultural areas – Reduce need for automobile use – Protect and/or restore sites NC –26 pointsSchools –24 pointsCS –28 points 16 SSp1 –Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Intent: Reduce pollution from construction activities by controlling • soil erosion, • waterway sedimentation, and • airborne dust generation Requirements: Erosion and Sedimentation Control (ESC) Plan that confirms with 2003 EPA Construction General Permit or Local Plan. (i.e. SWPPP) *Applies to all 3 rating systems 17 STANDARDS • USEPA Storm Water Management for Construction Activities (Document No. EPA 832R92005) • Complies with Phase I and Phase II of NPDES and extends protection to projects less than 1 acre NO CALCULATIONS REQUIRED SUBMITTALS –Construction • Project drawings • Compliance confirmation • Narrative to describe E & S measures and local standards SSp1 –Construction Activity Pollution Prevention 18 SSp2 -Environmental Site Assessment Schools Only Intent: To ensure that the site is investigated for environmental contamination and that it is remediated if found to be contaminated. Requirements: • Determine conditions with Phase I Env. Assessment (ASTM E1527-05) • If contaminated, Phase II Env. Assessment (ASTM E1903-97, 2002) • Previously contaminated sites that were landfills are ineligible • Contamination must be remediated to meet local, state, or federal EPA region residential standards (most stringent) • Documentation of remediation from authority required • Successful remediation will yield achievement of SSc3: Brownfield Redevelopment as well. 19 STANDARDS • Phase I Environmental Assessment (ASTM E1527-05) • Phase II Environmental Assessment (ASTM E1903-97, 2002) NO CALCULATIONS REQUIRED SUBMITTALS –Design • ASTM site assessment documentation • Description of remediation efforts if necessary • Governing authority documentation for confirmation SSp2 -Environmental Site Assessment 20 SSc1 -Site Selection Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: Avoid development of inappropriate sites and reduce the environmental impact from the location of a building on a site. Requirements: 1)Avoid Prime Farmland as defined by the USDA in the CFR. 2)Avoid previously undeveloped land whose elevation is lower than 5 feet above the 100-yr flood elevation defined by FEMA. 3)Avoid habitats for endangered species on official State and Federal lists. 4)Avoid land within 100 feet of wetlands as defined by the CFR. 5)Avoid previously undeveloped land within 50 feet of any water body. 6)Avoid land that was previously public parkland. 21 SSc1 -Site Selection Referenced Standards: • Farmland –US Department of Agriculture –Code of Federal Regulations • Floodplain –FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) 100 year floodplain designation • Endangered Species -US Fish and Wildlife Service • Wetlands –Code of Federal Regulations NO CALCULATIONS REQUIRED Submittal –Design phase • Provide confirmation or narrative that describes a non-standard compliance path 22 SSc2 –Development Density & Community Connectivity Value: NC –5 points Schools –4 points Core and Shell –5 points Intent: Channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect Greenfields and preserve habitat and natural resources. 23 SSc2 –Development Density & Community Connectivity Requirements: Option 1 –Development Density Minimum density of 60,000 square feet per acre net. Schools (only) –playing fields and playgrounds excluded from density calculation Option 2 –Community Connectivity Build within ½ mile of residential zone or neighborhood with an average density of 10 units per acre net AND within ½ mile of at least 10 basic services AND with pedestrian access between building and the services. 24 Option 1 -Development Density • Provide a map showing surrounding sites and buildings. Draw the density boundary • Project Site and Building Area • List of Site and Building Areas within the Density Radius Option 2 –Community Connectivity • Site vicinity drawing showing the project site, ½ mile radius, locations of community services • Project site and building area • Listing of community services SSc2 –Development Density & Community Connectivity 25 SSc2 –Development Density & Community Connectivity Calculation Density Radius = 3 X √(site acres X 43,560 (sf/acre)) Exemplary Performance -Project has density of twice the average density of the radius -Project has a density of at least 120,000 sf/acre Submittals –Design phase • Provide confirmation or narrative that describes a non-standard compliance path • Include a map of the radius with services highlighted • Include a map of radius with building sfincluded 26 A 35,175 sf commercial office building is located on a 0.5 acre site. The site was previously developed. The following buildings are either on or inside the density radius: Building Size (sf) Property Size (acres) Location -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------School 50,000 1.00 Within the boundaryOffice 75,000 1.00 On the boundaryRetail 35,000 0.50 Within the boundaryHospital 40,000 0.75 On the boundary What is the average property density? A. 61,538 sf/acreB. 70,350 sf/acreC. 200,000 sf/acreD. 60,000 sf/acre All sites within or touching the boundary are included. The average property density must be 60,000SF/Acre or greater. The site also must be previously developed, but the question does not ask about the specifics of the development. Building area: 50,000 + 75,000 + 35,000 + 40,000 = 200,000 sf Property area: 1.00 + 1.00 + 0.50 + 0.75 = 3.25 acres 200,000 sf / 3.25 acres = 61,538 sf/acre SSc3 –Brownfield Redevelopment Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: Rehabilitate damaged sites where development is complicated by environmental contamination, reducing pressure on undeveloped land. Requirements: • Develop on a site documented as contaminated by means of an ASTM E1903-97 Phase II Environmental Assessment OR a site classified as a brownfieldby a local, state or federal government agency (with documentation). Effectively remediate site contamination. • School projects that remediate the site to earn SSp2 will earn this credit with proper documentation. *Documented lead and/or asbestos abatement can also be considered brownfieldremediation 28 A Phase II Environmental Site Assessment is conducted on a potential school site after contamination is suspected at the site. The assessment reveals contamination and the project team decides to remediate the site. This decision helps with what other LEED area? A. Protect or Restore Habitat B. Site Selection C. Construction Activity Pollution Prevention D. Brownfield Redevelopment D -Reference: Sustainable Sites Prerequisite, Environmental Site Assessment. Remediating a contaminated site will help the project earn a point for Sustainable Sites Credit, Brownfield Redevelopment. SSc3 –Brownfield Redevelopment Referenced Standards • Phase II Environmental Site Assessment –ASTM • EPA Brownfieldsdefinition THERE ARE NO CALCULATIONS Submittals –Design phase • Provide confirmation of brownfieldstatus • Provide a detailed narrative describing the site contamination and remediation efforts 30 SSc4.1 –Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access Value: NC –6 points Schools –4 points Core and Shell –6 points Intent: • Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use 31 SSc4.1 –Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access Requirements: • Locate the project within ½ mile of anexisting –or planned and funded –commuter light rail or subway station OR • Locate project within ¼ mile of one or more stops for two or more public or campus bus lines usable by building occupants • Schools (only) –school bus system may count as 1 of the lines • Schools (only) –pedestrian access; 80% of students ¾ mile walking distance grades 8 and under and 1-1/2 mile walking distance for grade 9 and up • Schools (only) –all options; dedicated walking/biking lanes connected to public transit in 2 or more directions 32 SSc4.1 –Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access Calculations • Create a drawing that shows the location of the site and location of the nearest transit stops with distances indicated. 33 SSc4.1 –Alternative Transportation: Public Transportation Access Calculations • Create a drawing that shows the location of the site and location of the nearest transit stops with distances indicated. Exemplary Performance • Can be achieved by including a comprehensive transportation management plan that demonstrates a quantifiable reduction in personal automobile use through the implementation of multiple alternative options. Submittals –Design phase • Vicinity drawings showing the location of the site and all rail and bus stations with distances from the site indicated. • Listing of each station or bus line • Optional narrative to describe any special circumstances or non-standard compliance paths. 34 SSc4.2 –Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms Value: NC –1 point Intent: • Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use Requirements: • For commercial and institutional buildings, provide secure bike racks and or storage (w/in 200 ydsof the building entrance) for 5% or more of all building users (measured at peak periods) AND • Provide shower and changing facilities in the building or w/in 200 ydsof a building entrance for 0.5% of Full Time Equivalent (FTE) employees. An FTE is an employee or number of employees (for part time) whose work hours add up to 8 OR • For residential buildings, provide covered storage facilities for securing bicycles for 15% or more of the building occupants in lieu of changing/shower facilities. Note: on campuses, these facilities can be shared as long as they are within 200 yards of the LEED building. 35 SSc4.2 –Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms Value: Schools –1 point Intent: • Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use Requirements: • For commercial and institutional buildings, provide secure bike racks and or storage (w/in 200 ydsof the building entrance) for 5% or more of all building and students grade 3 and above (measured at peak periods) AND • Provide shower and changing facilities in the building or w/in 200 ydsof a building entrance for 0.5% of Full Time Equivalent (FTE) staff. An FTE is an employee or number of employees (for part time) whose work hours add up to 8 OR • Provide dedicated bike lanes that extend at least to the end of the school property in 2 or more directions without barriers on school property. Note: on campuses, these facilities can be shared as long as they are within 200 yards of the LEED building. 36 SSc4.2 –Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms Value: Core and Shell –1 point Intent: • Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use Requirements: • For commercial and institutional buildings (300,000 sfor less), provide secure bike racks and or storage (w/in 200 ydsof the building entrance) for 3% or more of all building users (measured as an annual avg) AND • Provide shower and changing facilities in the building or w/in 200 ydsof a building entrance for 0.5% of Full Time Equivalent (FTE) employees. An FTE is an employee or number of employees (for part time) whose work hours add up to 8 • For commercial and institutional buildings (over 300,000 sf), add an additional 0.5% bike rack or storage for occupants in the space over 300,000 sf. • For residential buildings, provide covered storage facilities for securing bicycles for 15% or more of the building occupants in lieu of changing/shower facilities. Note: on campuses, these facilities can be shared as long as they are within 200 yards of the LEED building. 37 A commercial core and shell project will be 272,000 SF and located on 1.2 acres. The project is expected to have 615 full time occupants and 325 part time occupants with a peak of 60 visitors expected when fully occupied. How many bicycle racks and shower facility should the project provide? A. 25 bicycle spaces and 3 shower units B. 42 bicycle spaces and 4 shower units C. 42 bicycle spaces and 3 shower units D. 25 bicycle spaces and 5 shower units D -Core and Shell projects 300,000sf or less. The project team must provide secure bike racks for 3% or more of all building USERS -not just FTEs. Also there must be shower facilities for .5% (which is .005) of FTEs. 615 = FTEs + .5(325 part time workers) = 778 FTEs + 60 Visitors = 838. 838 * .03 = 25.1 or 25 bike storage spaces. For showering facilities, only FTEs are included: 838 * .005 = 4.19 or 5 showering units, round up since 4 units would not meet the minimum requirement. An office building has 100 full time (40 hrs/week) and 60 part time (20 hrs/week) employees. There are also 30 peak period visitors each day. How many secure bike racks does the project need to qualify for Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation -Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms? A. 9 B. 7 C. 10 D. 8 E. 6 D -100 full time employees = 100 FTEs 60 part time employees * 4 hrs/day= 30 FTEs Total FTEs = 130 Peak Building 30 peak visitors= 30 FTE Users = 130 + 30 = 160 160 * 0.05 = 8 A commercial core and shell project will be 272,000 SF and located on 1.2 acres. The project is expected to have 615 full time occupants and 325 part time occupants with a peak of 60 visitors expected when fully occupied. How many bicycle racks and shower facility should the project provide? A. 25 bicycle spaces and 3 shower units B. 42 bicycle spaces and 4 shower units C. 42 bicycle spaces and 3 shower units D. 25 bicycle spaces and 5 shower units D -For Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation-Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms Core and Shell projects 300,000sf or less. The project team must provide secure bike racks for 3% or more of all building USERS -not just FTEs. Also there must be shower facilities for .5% (which is .005) of FTEs. 615 = FTEs + .5(325 part time workers) = 778 FTEs + 60 Visitors = 838. 838 * .03 = 25.1 or 25 bike storage spaces. For showering facilities, only FTEs are included: 838 * .005 = 4.19 or 5 showering units, round up since 4 units would not meet the minimum requirement. There is no requirement for male and female showers. Showers can be shower units usable by either gender. SSc4.2 –Alternative Transportation: Bicycle Storage & Changing Rooms Calculations • Figure out FTE numbers –must be used consistently across all credits • Calculate transient occupants (such as students) • Add FTE to transients to obtain Occupant Calculation • Calculate percentage based on type of project. Submittals –Design phase • FTE/Occupancy calculations • Drawing showing bike rack and shower locations 41 SSc4.3 –Alternative Transportation: Low Emission & Fuel Efficient Vehicles Value: NC –3 points Schools –2 points Core and Shell –3 points Intent: • Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use Requirements: • Option 1 NC & CS -provide preferred parking for low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles for 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site or provide discounted parking by at least 20%. CS –project types with market barriers to preferred parking near entrance, alternatives may be considered on a case-by-case basis.Schools –provide preferred parking for low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles for 5% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site & at least one (1) designated carpool drop-off area for low-emitting vehicles. 42 Requirements (continued): • Option 2 -NC & CS –install alternative-fuel fueling stations for 3% of the total vehicle parking capacity of the site & include proper ventilation when necessary. -Schools–develop & implement a plan for the buses &maintenance vehicles serving the school to use 20% natural gas, propane or biodiesel or to be low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles. • Option 3 NC –provide low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles for 3% of the full-time equivalent (FTE) occupants & preferred parking for these vehicles. SSc4.3 –Alternative Transportation: Low Emission & Fuel Efficient Vehicles Option 4NC –low-emitting or fuel-efficient vehicle-sharing program. This includes meeting the following requirements: • One low-emitting or fuel-efficient vehicle per every 3% of FTE assuming 1 shared vehicle can carry 8 persons. • A vehicle-sharing contract must be provided that has an agreement of at least 2 years. • The estimated # of customers served per vehicle must be supported by documentation. • A narrative explaining the vehicle-sharing program and its administration must be submitted. • Parking for low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles must be located in the nearest available spaces with a map showing the distance between the spaces and the entry. 43 A new office park is being developed in a downtown area. There will be 660 total parking spaces planned for the project. How many parking spaces would need to be reserved for LEV/FEV to achieve Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation -Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles? A. 33 B. 40 C. 27 D. 20 A -Reference: Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation -Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles, Requirements. Using Option 1 for non-residential parking requires 5% of total parking capacity for low-e and fuel efficient vehicles. 660 spaces * 0.05 = 33 SSc4.3 –Alternative Transportation: Low Emission & Fuel Efficient Vehicles Submittals–Design or Construction phase (Depends on the option chosen) • FTE calculations • Total parking capacity of the site • Drawings to show the location of preferred parking spaces • Confirm quantity of low emitting vehicles provided • Confirm that each vehicle is a ZEV or its ACEEE score (40 or higher) • Drawings to show the location of fueling stations and capacity of each station for an 8 hour period. 45 SSc4.4 –Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce pollution and land development impacts from automobile use Requirements: NC/CS • Non Residential Projects Option 1: Size parking capacity must meet but not exceed minimum local zoning requirements. • NC -provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools for 5% of the total parking spaces. Option 2: For projects that provide parking for less than 5% (NC) or 3% (CS) of full-time equivalent (FTE) building occupants:Carpool/vanpools for 5% (NC) or 3% (CS) of total spaces or a discounted rate by 20% for 2 yrs.Option 3: Provide no new parkingResidential ProjectsOption 1: meet but don't exceed local zoning parking requirements and provide support/infrastructure for shared vehicle use of some kind. Option 2: provide no new parking.Mixed UseOption 1: Less the 10% commercial area considered residential (Case 2). More than 10% commercial use Case 1. Option 2: provide no new parking. 46 A project owner has selected a previously developed site in an urban area as the location for a new Core & Shell project. Once completed the project will have enough office space for approximately 500 occupants. Local zoning requires 1 parking space per 2 occupants. How can the project achieve Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation-Parking Capacity? A. Install 250 parking spaces B. Have 500 underground parking spaces C. Install pervious paving for all parking D. Install 15 preferred parking spaces A -Regardless of project type, this credit can be earned by installing a number of parking spaces no more than that is required by local zoning requirements. Local zoning requires 1 space per 2 occupants. If there are 500 occupants 250 spaces are needed. Preferred parking is an additional requirement for NC and required preferred parking for 5% of the total spaces, or 500 X 0.05 = 25 spaces. Using pervious paving and putting parking underground are strategies to reduce the heat island effect. SSc4.4 –Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Requirements: Schools • Option 1: size parking to meet but not exceed minimum local zoning requirements and provide preferred parking for carpools or vanpools for 5% of the total parking spaces. • Option 2: provide no new parking. • Option 3: (No zoning requirement) provide 25% fewer parking spaces than the applicable standard listed in the 2003 Institute of Transportation Engineers (ITE) "Parking Generation" study at www.ite.org. 48 SSc4.4 –Alternative Transportation: Parking Capacity Submittal–Design or construction phase(Depends on the option chosen) • FTE calculations • Total parking capacity of the site • Zoning requirements • Additional Documentation relative to the appropriate compliance path should also be included (refer to Building Design & Construction Reference Guide) 49 SSc5.1 –Site Development: Protect or Restore Habitat Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Conserve existing natural areas and restore damaged areas to provide habitat and promote biodiversity Requirements: • On greenfield sites, limit all disturbance to: – 40' beyond the building perimeter – 10' beyond surface walkways, patios, surface parking and utilities less than 12" diameter – 15' beyond primary roadway curbs and main utility branch trenches 25' beyond constructed permeable surfaces such as pervious paving, SWM facilities and playing fields OROn previously developed or graded sites:Restore or protect a minimum of 50% of the site area (excluding building footprint) or 20% of the total site area with native or adapted vegetation. Projects achieving SSc2 may include vegetative roof surface if the roof includes native and adaptive plants, provides habitat and promotes biodiversity. 50 A previously developed project site area is 200,000 sq. ft. The building footprint is 100,000 sq. ft. How much area needs to be covered with native or adaptive vegetation to earn one point for Sustainable Sites Credit Site Development -Protect or Restore Open Space? A. 50,000 sq. ft. B. 75,000 sq. ft. C. 25,000 sq. ft. D. 100,000 sq. ft. A -50% of the site area excluding the building footprint must have in place native or adaptive vegetation. 200,000 sq. ft. site area -100,000 sq. ft. building footprint = 100,000 sq. ft. 100,000 sq. ft. X 50% = 50,000 sq. ft. SSc5.1 –Site Development: Protect or Restore Habitat Exemplary Performance • Restore or protect a minimum of 75% of the site area, excluding building footprint or 30% of the total site area. Submittal –Construction phase • Project site area • Building footprint area • Narrative describing the project's approach to this credit • Grading drawings (for greenfields) • Restoration plans (for previously developed sites) 52 B -75% of the site area (excluding the building footprint), or 750,000 sq. ft. needs to be restored to earn exemplary performance. A 1,500,000 sq. ft. previously developed site is located in Phoenix, Arizona. The building footprint is 500,000 sq. ft. What amount of site area needs to be protected or have vegetation restored to qualify for exemplary performance on Sustainable Sites Credit, Site Development-Protect or Restore Habitat? A. 800,000 sq. ft. B. 750,000 sq. ft. C. 500,000 sq. ft. D. 1,000,000 sq. ft SSc5.2 –Site Development: Maximize Open Space Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Provide a high ratio of open space to development footprint to promote biodiversity Requirements: • OPTION 1 Reduce the development footprint and/or provide vegetated open space within the project boundary to exceed the local zoning's open space requirement by 25% OR • OPTION 2 For areas with no local zoning (university campuses, etc.), provide vegetated open space area adjacent to the building that is equal to the building footprint. OR OPTION 3Where a zoning ordinance exists but there is no requirement for open space (zero), provide vegetated open space equal to 20% of the project's site area. 54 SSc5.2 –Site Development: Maximize Open Space All Options • For projects within urban areas, that meet the requirements of SS Credit 2, vegetated roof areas can contribute to credit compliance. • For projects within urban areas, that meet the requirements of SS Credit 2, pedestrian oriented hardscapeareas can contribute to credit compliance. For such projects, a minimum of 25% of the open space counted must be vegetated. • Wetlands and naturally designed ponds may count as open space if side slopes or 1:4 (vertical: horizontal) or less and are vegetated. Submittal Documentation –Design phase Project site area Building footprint area Copy of landscape drawings Optional narrative describing any special circumstances or considerations regarding the project's credit approach. SF information on open space (varies per option) 55 SSc6.1 –Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Limit disruption of the natural hydrology by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration and managing stormwaterrunoff. Requirements: • Existing Imperviousness less than or Equal to 50% – Implement a stormwatermanagement plan that prevents the post-development peak discharge rate and quantity from exceeding the pre-development peak discharge rate and quantity for the 1 and 2 year 24 hour storms. OR – Implement a stormwatermanagement plan that protects receiving stream channels from excessive erosion by implementing a stream channel protection strategy and quantity control strategies. OR • Existing Imperviousness if greater than 50% – Implement a stormwatermanagement plan that results in a 25% decrease in the volume of stormwaterrunoff from the 2 year, 24 hour design storm. 56 SSc6.1 –Stormwater Design: Quantity Control Design Strategies • Smaller building footprint • Pervious paving materials • Stormwaterharvesting for reuse in irrigation and/or buildings • Green roofs • Bioswales/vegetated filter strips • Retention ponds • Clustering development to reduce paved surfaces Calculations • Typically done by a civil engineer –see reference guide Submittal –Design Phase • Stormwatermanagement plans and calculations 57 SSc6.2 –Stormwater Design: Quality Control Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce or eliminate water pollution by reducing impervious cover, increasing on-site infiltration, eliminating sources of contaminants, and removing pollutants from stormwaterrunoff. Requirements: Implement a stormwatermanagement plan that: • Reduces impervious cover • Promotes infiltration • Captures and treats stormwaterrunoff from 90% of the average annual rainfall using BMPs BMPsmust be capable of removing 80% of the average annual post development total suspended solids (TSS) load. TSS are particles too small to be removed by gravity settling and are typically removed by infiltration. 58 SSc6.2 –Stormwater Design: Quality Control Calculations • Done by civil engineer –see reference guide Submittal –Design Phase • Stormwaterplans and calculations 59 A new office complex project is being built on a Greenfield site. Which strategies will not help achieve both Sustainable Sites Credit, Stormwater Design-Quality Control and Sustainable Sites Credit, Stormwater Design-Quantity Control? A. Disconnection of impervious areas B. Rainwater recycling C. Rain gardens D. Repairing deteriorated sewers D -The incorrect answers will affect both stormwater quality and quantity control. The correct answer restoring and repairing deteriorated sewers does not decrease the quantity of stormwater runoff. SSc7.1 –Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce heat island effect to minimize impact on microclimate and human/wildlife interaction Requirements: • OPTION 1 Provide any combination of the following strategies for 50% of the site hardscape: – Shade from trees (within 5 years of occupancy) or architectural devices with SRI of at least 29. – Hardscapematerials with a solar reflectance index (SRI) of at least 29 – Open pavement grid system (at least 50% pervious) OR • OPTION 2 – Place a minimum of 50% of parking spaces under cover (underground, deck or roof). Any roof used to shade or cover parking must have an SRI of at least 29, be vegetated, or covered by solar panels that offset energy costs. 61 D -500 more would be allowed for a total of 1,000 spaces. 1,000 total spaces X 50% = 500 spaces under cover to meet Sustainable Sites Credit, Heat Island Effect-Nonroof. An office building is undergoing a major renovation. Currently on site is a 500-car parking deck covered with a white coating that has an SRI of 37. What is the maximum number of new non-covered parking spaces that can be added for the project to qualify for Sustainable Sites Credit, Heat Island Effect-Nonroof? A. 300 B. 250 C. 0 D. 500 SSc7.1 –Heat Island Effect: Non-Roof Calculations • SRI (Solar Reflectance Index) a measure of a material's ability to reject solar heat. SRI is calculated using the LEED template by inserting both emissivity and reflectance values into the template. Emissivity The ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the ration emitted by a black body at the same temperature (ASTM E 408 or ASTM C 1371) Reflectance (or albedo) The ratio of the reflected solar energy to the incoming solar energy. ASTM –E903, ASTM E 1918 or ASTM C 1549 Exemplary Performance • 100% of non-roof impervious have been constructed using high-albedomaterials and/or open grid paving systems and will be shaded within 5 years OR • 100% of on-site parking spaces have been located under cover Submittal –Construction Phase • Site drawings highlighting location of paving materials, shading and/or underground or covered parking AND • Calculations of SRI 63 SSc7.2 –Heat Island Effect: Roof Value: 1 point for each rating system Intent: Reduce heat islands to minimize impact on micro-climate and human and wildlife habitat Requirements: • OPTION 1 – Use roofing materials with an SRI equal to or greater than the values in the following table for a minimum of 75% of the roof surface OR • OPTION 2 – Install a vegetated roof for at least 50% of the roof area. OR • OPTION 3 – Install high albedoor and vegetated roof surfaces that in combination, meet the following criteria: Roof Type Slope SRI Low-sloped Roof Less than or equal to 2:12 78 Steep-slopedRoof Equal to or greaterthan 2:12 29 64 SSc7.2 –Heat Island Effect: Roof Calculations • Calculate roof surface and the percentage of the roof that meets the SRI criteria (Area of Roof Meeting Minimum SRI/Total Roof Area) X (SRI Installed Roof/Required SRI) ≥ 75% (Area of SRI Roof/0.75) + (Area of Vegetated Roof/0.5) ≥ Total Roof Area Exemplary Performance 100% of roof area is a vegetated roof Submittal –Design Phase Roof drawings indicating which type of roof in which locations List of roof materials and their SRI value 65 SSc8 –Light Pollution Reduction Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Minimize light trespass from the building and site, reduce sky-glow to increase night sky access, improve nighttime visibility through glare reduction and reduce development impact on nocturnal environments ZONES: see reference guide for requirements • LZ1 –Dark (Park and Rural Settings) • LZ2 –Low (Residential) • LZ3 –Medium (Commercial/Industrial, High Density Residential • LZ4 –High (Major City Centers, Entertainment Districts) Requirements: For Interior Lighting The angle of maximum candela from each interior luminaries as located in the building shall intersect opaque building interior surfaces and not exit out through the windows (transmittance <10%) OR All non-emergency interior lighting shall be automatically controlled to turn off during non-business hours. Provide manual override capability for after hours use (11pm-5am). For Exterior Lighting Only light areas as required for safety and comfort. Do not exceed 80% of the lighting power densities for exterior areas and 50% for building facades and landscape features as defined in ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 66 SSc8 –Light Pollution Reduction Calculations • Electrical Engineer performs calculations based on criteria in the Reference guide. Submittal –Design Phase • Refer to LEED Reference Guide for details on submittal documentation 67 What defines external lighting zones? A. California Energy Efficiency Building Standards B. ASHRAE 90.1-2007 C. ESNA RP-33 D. International Dark-Sky Association Standards C -Reference: Sustainable Sites Credit, Light Pollution Reduction, Requirements. IESNA RP-33 defines four lighting zones used for EXTERNAL lighting. SSc9 –Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines CS ONLY Value: 1 point, Core and Shell only Intent: • To educate tenants about implementing sustainable design and construction features in their tenant improvement build-out. Requirements: • Illustrated document that provides the following information: – Sustainable Design and Construction features incorporated in the core and shell project & its sustainability goals/objectives. – Information on how the design can contribute to achievement of LEED for Commercial Interiors. 69 SSc9 –Tenant Design and Construction Guidelines Information to coordinate space design and construction with core and shell's building systems. Specific LEED 2009 Commercial Interiors credits that can be addressed include the following: WaterUse Reduction Optimize Energy Performance Energy Use and Metering Measurement and Verification Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Daylightingand Views IndoorChemical and Pollution Source Control EnvironmentalTobacco Smoke Control Ventilation Systems Control Commissioning Thermal Comfort Submittal • Retain a copy of the tenant design and construction guidelines 70 Schools ONLY Value: 1 point, Schools only Intent: • To ensure that all initial environmental site issues are carried throughout the life of the project and throughout changes in the program. SSc9 –Site Master Plan SSc1 SSc5.1 SSc5.2 SSc6.1 SSc6.2 SSc7.1 SSc8 Requirements: Must achieve 4 out of 7 of the following according to the associated methods and then recalculated using master plan data: Submittal –Construction Phase • Description of the process by which a site's master plan was developed in collaboration with the school board or other decision-making body. • Copy of a site's master plan and written verification of its approval. 71 Schools ONLY Value: 1 point, Schools only Intent: • To make the school a more integrated part of the community by enabling the building and its playing fields to be used for nonschool events and functions. Requirements: OPTION 1: In collaboration with the school board or other decision-making body, ensure that at least 3 of the following spaces included in the school are accessible to and available for shared use by the general public: auditorium, gymnasium, cafeteria/cafetorium, 1 or more classrooms, playing fields, and/or joint parking. Provide a separate entry to the spaces intended for joint use. The entry can be from a school lobby or corridor near an entrance convenient to public access, which can be secured from the rest of the school after normal school hours and has toilets available. SSc10 –Joint Use of Facilities 72 Requirements: OPTION 2: In collaboration with the school board or other decision-making body, engage in a contract with community or other organizations to provide at least 2 dedicated-use spaces in the building. Dedicated-use spaces include, but are not limited to: – Commercial office – Health clinic – Community service centers (provided by state, city, or county offices) – Police offices – Library or media center – Parking lot – One or more commercial sector businesses Provide a separate entry to the spaces intended for joint use. The entry can be from a school lobby or corridor near an entrance convenient to public access, which can be secured from the rest of the school after normal school hours and which has toilets available. SSc10 –Joint Use of Facilities 73 Requirements: OPTION 3: In collaboration with the school district or other decision-making body, ensure that at least 2 of the following 6 spaces that are owned by other organizations/agencies are accessible to students: – Auditorium – Gymnasium – Cafeteria – One or more classrooms – Swimming pool – Playing field Provide direct pedestrian access to these spaces from the school. In addition, provide signed agreements with the other organizations/ agencies that stipulate how they and the school district and organizations or agencies will share these space. Potential Technologies & Strategies • Contact other public agencies and organizations that may wish to use school facilities. For example, parks and recreation departments may need use of additional fields, while school districts may need use of a community pool. SSc10 –Joint Use of Facilities 74 Water Efficiency 75 Water Key Terms & Concepts • Energy Policy Act of 1992 & 2005 Amendments • Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) • International Plumbing Code (IPC) • Irrigation calculation factors • Water quality classifications 76 Water Efficiency (WE) Goals – Reduce the quantity of water needed for the building. – Reduce municipal water supply and treatment burden. NC –10 points Schools –11 points CS –10 points 77 WEp1 -Water Use Reduction Intent: • To increase building water efficiency and reduce stress on municipal supply as well as municipal wastewater systems. Requirements: • Reduce water use by 20% below the baseline set by the Energy policy Act of 1992 (and as amended). This does not include water for irrigation. Commercial Fixture Baselines Residential Fixture Baselines Toilets –1.6 gpf Toilets–1.6 gpf Urinals –1.0 gpf LavFaucets–2.2 gpm LavFaucets –2.2 gpmprivate Kitchen Faucet –2.2 gpm –0.5 gpmpublic Showerhead–2.5 gpm –0.25 gpmmetering Spray Valves –1.6 gpm 78 Calculations • Full-time equivalent (FTE) employees • Fixture rates • Male/female occupancy breakdown Submittal –Design Submittal • Letter Template • Fixture Cut-sheets • Fixture schedule WEp1 -Water Use Reduction 79 WEc1–Water Efficient Landscaping Value: 2-4 points, all rating systems Intent: • Limit or eliminate the use of potable water, or other natural surface or subsurface water resources available on or near the project site, for landscape irrigation. Requirements: Option 1: Reduce by 50% (2 points) • Reduce by 50% from a calculated mid-summer baseline case by any combination of the following items: • Plant species factor (native or adapted plants) • Irrigation efficiency (micro-irrigation systems, moisture sensors, rain shut-offs, weather-based evapotranspirationcontrollers, drip irrigation, rainwater collection system) • Use of captured rainwater • Use of recycled wastewater • Use of water treated and conveyed by a public agency specifically for non-potable uses 80 Option 2: No Potable Water Use or Irrigation (4 Points) – Meet the requirements for Option 1 AND: Path 1: – Use only captured rainwater, recycled wastewater, recycled gray water or water treated and conveyed by a public agency. Path 2: – Install Landscaping does not require permanent systems. One year limit on irrigation. For Schools, – Native plantings can provide an educational opportunity. – Diverse landscape can provide biodiversity learning opportunity • Schools Specific ID Credit 3: The School as a Teaching Tool WEc1–Water Efficient Landscaping 81 Calculations • The Landscape Architect will refer to the LEED Reference Guide for calculation methodologies. Submittal –Design phase • Provide the submittal template which includes: – The project's calculated baseline Total Water Applied. – The project's calculated design case Total Water Applied. – The total non-potable water supply available for irrigation purposes – Narrative describing the landscaping and irrigation design strategies employed by the project; description of the water use calculation methodology used to determine savings; and for projects using non-potable water, specific information regarding source and available quantity of non-potable supplies. WEc1–Water Efficient Landscaping 82 WEc2 –Innovative Wastewater Technologies Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce generation of wastewater and potable water demand, while increasing the local aquifer recharge. Requirements: • OPTION 1 – Reduce potable water use for building sewage conveyance by 50% through the use of water-conserving fixtures (high efficiency water closets, showerheads, and faucets, composting toilets, waterless urinals) or non-potable water (captured rainwater, recycled graywater, and on-site or municipally treated wastewater). OR OPTION 2 Treat 50% of wastewater on-site to tertiary standards. Treated water must be infiltrated or used on-site. (packaged biological nutrient removal systems, constructed wetlands, high efficiency filtration systems) 83 WEc2 –Innovative Wastewater Technologies Calculations The Mechanical Engineer and/or the LEED-AP will refer to LEED Reference Guide for calculation methodologies. Exemplary Performance • 100%reduction in potable water use for sewage conveyance OR • on-site treatment and re-use/infiltration of 100%of generated wastewater Submittal –Design Phase Provide the submittal template which includes: • The project's calculated occupants • The project's calculated baseline water usage for sewage conveyance • The project's calculated design case water usage for sewage conveyance • The total non-potable water supply available for projects using non-potable water for sewage conveyance 84 WEc3 –Water Use Reduction Value:2 -4 points for all rating systems Intent: • Maximize water efficiency within buildings to reduce the burden on municipal water supply and wastewater systems. Requirements: • Energy Policy Act of 1992 with 2005 amendments sets the baseline (WEp1). Percentage Reduction Points 30% 2 35% 3 40% 4 85 WEc3 –Water Use Reduction Strategies: • Reuse of roof runoff or collected graywatervolumes • Installation and maintenance of automatic fixture sensors or metering controls • Installation of flow restrictors and/or reduced flow aerators on lavatory, sink, and shower fixtures (occupant sensors) • Installation of low-consumption fixtures such as dual flush water closets and ultra-low flush urinals • Installation of dry fixtures such as composting toilet systems and waterless urinals 86 Commercial Fixture Baselines Residential Fixture Baselines Toilets –1.6 gpf Toilets–1.6 gpf Urinals –1.0 gpf LavFaucets–2.2 gpm LavFaucets –2.2 gpmprivate Kitchen Faucet –2.2 gpm –0.5 gpmpublic Showerhead–2.5 gpm –0.25 gpmmetering Spray Valves –1.6 gpm Reference Standard The Energy Policy Act (EP Act) of 1992 and 2005 amendments. Calculations Based on estimated occupant usage of water closets, urinals, lavatory faucets, showers, and kitchen sinks. Exemplary Performance: water efficient dishwashers, clothes washers and others may be counted here • 45%water use reduction WEc3 –Water Use Reduction Submittal –Design Phase Provide the submittal template which includes: • The project's calculated occupants • The project's calculated design case water usage • The project's calculated baseline water usage • For projects using non-potable water for sewage conveyance, the total non-potable water supply available • Narrative describing the potable water reduction strategies 87 A college building used for engineering classes has a baseline water use of 400,000 gallons. What amount of design case water use will earn an exemplary credit for Water Efficiency Credit, Water Use Reduction? A. 220,000 gallons B. 240,000 gallons C. 160,000 gallons D. 180,000 gallons A -See Water Efficiency Credit, Water Use Reduction, Exemplary Performance. The question asks for the amount of water use after the design. 400,000 -180,000 (45% reduction) = 220,000 (new water usage level) 180,000 is not the correct answer. 180,000 is the amount of water that would need to be saved to earn Exemplary Performance, not the amount that will be used in the design. The project team for a retail shopping center is calculating the baseline indoor water use. The project team has divided the employees and customers into two usage groups. There are 150 part time employees, of which, 100 are women and 50 are men. Also, there will be an average estimated 800 retail shoppers daily and the center will be open every day of the year. What is the baseline water usage? A. 610 gallons B. 353,411 gallons C. 968 gallons D. 222,650 gallons D -Baseline water usage is calculated as part of WE Prerequisite1. The problem also discusses retail customers -use Table 1. Employees are part time so remember to calculate FTEs, calculation is an annual rate. Since no genders are given for shoppers assume 1 to 1 ratio of men to women. 100 Part Time Women = 50 FTE (women). 50 Part Time Men = 25 FTE (men). 800 Retail shoppers = 400 men, 400 women. See Table 2 pg 171 50 FTE Women *1.6 gallons (water closet conventional flush rate)* 3 uses per day = 240 gallons/day 25 FTE Men *1.6 gallons (water closet conventional flush rate) * 1 use per day = 40 gallons/day 25 FTE Men *1.0 gallon (urinal conventional flush rate) * 2 uses per day = 50 gallons/day Shoppers: 400 women * .2 uses per day *1.6 gallons per flush = 128 gallons/day. 400 men *.1 uses per day * 1.6 gallons per flush =64 gallons/day. 400 men* .1 uses per day * 1.0 gallon per flush = 40 gallons/day Sink Flow Rates: 50FTE Women +25 FTE Men = 75 FTEs. [(75 FTEs * 3 *15 seconds)/ 60 seconds per minute] *.5 gallons per minute = 28 gallons/day 800 Shoppers: [800*.2*15 seconds)/60 seconds per minute] * .5 gallons per minute = 20 gallons/day 240+40+50+128+64+40+28+20= 610 gallons/day. The center is open every day of the year = 610*365 = 222,650 Schools Only Value: 1 point, Schools only Requirements • No refrigeration equipment using once-through cooling with potable water • No garbage disposals • At least 4 process items where water use is at or below the levels shown in the table below. Inclusion of any equipment not listed in the table below must be supported by documentation showing a 20% reduction in water use from benchmark or industry standard. WEc4 –Process Water Use Reduction 91 Equipment Type MaximumWater Use Other Requirements Clothes Washers 7.5 gallons/ft3/cycle Dishwashers with Racks 1.0 gallons/rack Ice machines Lbs/day > 175 20 gallons/100lbs No water-cooled machines Lbs/day<175 30 gallons/100lbs No water-cooled machines Food steamers 2 gallons/hour Boilerlesssteamers only Prerinsespray valves 1.4 gallons per minute WEc4–Process Water Use Reduction 92 WEc4–Process Water Use Reduction Exemplary Performance • 40%process water savings. Submittal –Design Phase • Manufacturer model and water consumption rates of each appliance • Baseline water use based on industry standards or benchmarks for any equipment not listed in the credit requirements. 93 A project team for a school has installed many high efficiency machines such as dishwashers, ice machines, food steamers, and pre-rinse spray valves in the cafeteria. The team also removed all garbage disposals from the design. What percentage of water usage reduction would be needed to earn exemplary performance on Water Efficiency Credit, Process Water Use Reduction? A. 40% B. 30% C. 10% D. 20% A -To earn exemplary performance on WE Credit 4 (Schools), the percentage of water usage reduction must be 40% or greater. Energy and Atmosphere 95 Energy Key Terms & Concepts • ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 • Green-e Energy®product certification • International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) • USDOE –Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey® 96 Energy & Atmosphere (EA) • Goals – Establish energy efficiency and systems performance. – Optimize energy efficiency. – Support ozone protection protocols. – Encourage renewable and alternative energy sources. NC –35 pointsSchools –33 pointsCS –37 points 97 EAp1–Fundamental Commissioning Value: Required for all rating systems Intent: • Verify that the buildings energy related systems are installed, calibrated and perform according to the owners project requirement, basis of design, and construction documents. Requirements: • Designate an individual as the Commissioning Authority (CxA) to lead, review, and over see the completion of the commissioning process activities. – a) The CxAshall have documented commissioning authority experience in at least two building projects. – b) The individual serving as the CxAshall be independent of the projects design and construction management, though they may be employees of the firms providing those services. The CxAmay be a qualified employee or consultant of the Owner. – c) The CxAshall report results, findings and recommendations directly to the Owner. – d) For projects smaller than 50,000 square feet, the CxAmay include qualified persons on the design or construction teams who have the required experience. 98 EAp1–Fundamental Commissioning Requirements (continued) • Owner shall document the Owners Project Requirements (OPR). The design team shall develop the Basis of Design (BOD). The CxA shall review these documents for clarity and completeness. • Develop and incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents. • Develop and implement a commissioning plan. • Verify the installation and performance of the systems to be commissioned. • Complete a summary commissioning report. 99 EAp1–Fundamental Commissioning Benefits of Commissioning • Reduce energy use • Low operating costs • Reduced contractor callbacks • Better building documentation • Improved occupant productivity • Verification system performance. Commissioned Systems • Heating, Ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC+R) systems (mechanical and passive) and associated controls. • Lighting and Day lighting controls • Domestic Hot water systems • Renewable energy systems (wind, solar, etc.) 100 EAp1–Fundamental Commissioning Submittal –Construction Phase • Provide name and company information for the CxAbeforeconstruction • Confirm that 6 required tasks have been completed • Narrative description of systems that were commissioned and results of commissioning process 101 Which building elements do not have to be commissioned as part of LEED certification for a hotel? (choose 2) A. Vegetated roof B. Stormwater systems C. Solar panels D. Heated swimming pool A, B -At a minimum, certain specific systems must be commissioned for fundamental commissioning. These systems include: Heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and HVAC; Lighting & daylighting controls; Domestic hot water systems; Renewable energy systems (wind, solar, etc.). EAp2–Minimum Energy Performance Value: Required for all rating systems Intent: • Establish the minimum level of energy efficiency for the proposed building systems. Requirements: Schools The project must establish an energy performance rating goal using EPA's Target Finder rating tool. ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2004 Components Section 5 Building Envelope (including semi-heated spaces such as warehouses) Section 8 Power (including all building power distribution systems) Section 6 Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning (including parking garage ventilation, freeze protection, exhaust air energy recovery, and condenser heat recovery for service water heating) Section 9 Lighting (including lighting for exit signs, building exterior, grounds, and parking garage) Section 7 Service Water Heating (including swimming pools) Section 10 Other Equipment (including all permanently wired electrical motors) 103 EAp2–Minimum Energy Performance Requirements (continued) ALL Option 1: • Demonstrate a 10% improvement in performance rating for new and 5% for existing buildings relative to the baseline set by ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 (with errata but without addenda). • Process energy includes office and general miscellaneous equipment, computers, elevators, escalators, kitchen equipment, laundry washing and drying, lighting exempt from lighting power allowance, and more. • Regulated non-process energy includes lighting, heating, ventilation and air conditioning, and service water heating for domestic or space heating purposes. • Projects in California may use Title 24-2005, Part 6 in place of ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1-2007 for Option 1. 104 Option 2: Prescriptive Compliance Path: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide (AEDG) NC & CS Path 1: ASHRAE AEDG for Small Office Buildings 2004 • <20,000 sfand office occupancy Path 2: ASHRAE AEDG for Small Retail Buildings 2006 • <20,000 sfand retail occupancy Path 3: ASHRAE AEDG for Small Warehouse and Self Storage Buildings 2008 • Less than 50,000 sfand warehouse or self-storage occupancy. Option 2: Prescriptive Compliance Path: ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide (AEDG) for K-12 School Buildings Schools – <200,000 sfand comply with prescriptive measures and all applicable criteria for climate zone EAp2–Minimum Energy Performance 105 EAp2–Minimum Energy Performance Option 3: Prescriptive Compliance Path: ASHRAE Buildings Core Performance Guide ALL • <100,000 sf. • Comply with Section 1: Design Process Strategies, and Section 2: Core Performance Requirements. • Office, school, public assembly, and retail projects less than 100,000 square feet must comply with Section 1 and Section 2 of the Core Performance Guide. • Other project types less than 100,000 square feet implement the basic requirements of the Core Performance Guide. • Health care, warehouse and laboratory projects are ineligible for this path. 106 EAp2–Minimum Energy Performance Referenced Standards • ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential • ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides • ASHRAE Buildings Core Performance Guide Submittal –Design Phase • Confirm that project meets ASHRAE std. 90.1-2007 requirements • Optional narrative regarding special circumstances or considerations regarding project's prerequisite approach. 107 What standard is referenced when following the prescriptive compliance path for a small warehouse? A. IPMVP Volume III B. ASHRAE 90.1-2007 C. Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide D. ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide D -Reference: Energy and Atmosphere Prerequisite, Minimum Energy Performance, Requirements. The prescriptive path will use either the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guide or the Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide. The question stated the project is a small warehouse. Health care, warehouse, and laboratory projects are ineligible to use the Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide. EAp3–Fundamental Refrigerant Management Value: Required for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce stratospheric ozone depletion. Requirements: • Zero use of CFC-based refrigerants in new base building HVAC&R systems. • Complete comprehensive CFC phase out conversion prior to project completion when reusing existing base building HVAC equipment. Submittal –Design Phase • Confirm that project does not use CFC refrigerants OR • Confirm project has a phase out plan for any existing CFC based equipment. • Narrative description of phase-out plan, including dates and refrigerant quantities as a percentage of the overall project equipment. 109 EAc1–Optimize Energy Performance Value: NC –19 points Schools –19 points Core and Shell –21 points Intent: • Achieve increasing levels of energy performance above the baseline in the prerequisite standard to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with excessive energy use. Requirements: • OPTION 1-WHOLE BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION (1-21 pts) – Demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance rating compared to the baseline building performance rating per ASHRAE/IESNA Std. 90.1-2007 by a whole building project simulation using the building performance rating method. OR • OPTION 2 –PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH (1 pt) – Comply with the prescriptive measures of the ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides 110 • OPTION 3 –PRESCRIPTIVE COMPLIANCE PATH (1-3 pts) – Comply with the prescriptive measures in the Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide • 1 point for compliance with Sections 1 and 2 • Up to 2 additional points are available to projects that implement performance strategies listed in Section 3: Enhanced Performance. For every 3 strategies implemented from this section, 1 point is available. • Energy Cost Savings Point Thresholds: – Performance Rating Method – 1 point for every 2% increment from 12% through 48% for new buildings and 8% through 44% for existing buildings. New Buildings Existing Building Renovations Points (NC & Schools) Points (CS) 12% 8% 1 3 48% 44% 19 21 EAc1–Optimize Energy Performance 111 EAc1–Optimize Energy Performance Referenced Standards • OPTION 1-ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007. Energy Standard for Buildings except low rise residential, and Informative Appendix G-Performance Rating Method • OPTION 2-ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides • OPTION 3-Advanced Buildings Core Performance Guide Exemplary Performance • Option 1 –50% for new buildings &46%for existing buildings. Calculations are based upon: Schedule of Operation Design Criteria Building Envelope Lighting Systems HVAC system types Process Energy Energy Rates On-Site Renewable Energy and Site-recovered energy Submittal –Design Phase EA Credit 1 submittal template provides detailed tables and calculations to assist with the completion of this credit. 112 EAc2–On-Site Renewable Energy Value: NC –7 points Schools –7 points Core and Shell –4 points Intent: • Encourage and recognize increasing levels of on-site renewable energy self-supply in order to reduce environmental and economic impacts associated with fossil fuel energy use. Requirements: • Use on-site renewable energy systems to offset building energy cost. Calculate project performance by expressing the energy produced by the renewable systems as a percentage of the building annual energy cost. – Use the building annual energy cost calculated in EA Credit 1, or – Use the DOE Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey database to determine the estimated electricity use. 113 STRATEGIES -to satisfy on-site electric power demand or to directly offset space-heating, space-cooling, or water heating energy-consumption: • Photovoltaic systems • Wind • Solar thermal • Bio-fuel based electrical • Geo thermal electric • Geothermal heating • Low impact hydro electric power • Wave and tidal power Renewable Energy Generation Point Thresholds: EAc2–On-Site Renewable Energy % Renewable Energy Points (NC & Schools) 1% 1 3% 2 5% 3 7% 4 9% 5 11% 6 13% 7 % RenewableEnergy Points (CS) 1% 4 114 A school project uses architectural features, passive solar strategies, and geothermal heating system to reduce energy use from its baseline by 5%. How many points can the school earn for Energy and Atmosphere Credit, On-Site Renewable Energy? A. 3 points B. 5 points C. 1 points D. 0 points A -Passive solar strategies, architectural features are not allowable forms on on-site renewable energy however geothermal heating system is so if the project is saving energy 5% energy , 3 points will be earned for EA Credit 2 On-site Renewable Energy. Referenced Standards • ASHRAE/IESNA 90.1-2007: Energy Standard for Buildings Except Low-Rise Residential Exemplary Performance • Renewable Energy generation of at least 15% for NC & Schools, or 5% for CS achieves an additional point. Calculations required: • Fraction of energy cost supplied by the renewable energy systems is calculated against the Proposed Building Performance determined in EA Credit 1 • Based on EA Credit 1 Simulation • Based on CBECS Data (Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey) Submittal –Design Phase • Provide the on-site renewable Energy Source(s) used, the annual energy generated from each source, and the back up fuel for each source. • Describe source of annual energy cost information (energy model or industry base), and provide the appropriate energy values and costs. EAc2–On-Site Renewable Energy 116 EAc3 –Enhanced Commissioning (2 points*) Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Begin the commissioning process early during the design process and execute additional activities after systems performance verification is completed. Enhanced Cxtasks in red. Tasks Responsibilities If you are only meeting EAp1 If you are meeting the EAp1 AND EAc3 Designate Commissioning Authority (CxA) Owner or Project Team Owner or Project Team Document Owner's Project Requirements (OPR) Owner Owner Develop Basis of Design Design Team Design Team Incorporate commissioning requirements into the construction documents Project Team or CxA Project Team or CxA Conduct commissioning design review prior to mid-construction documents N/A CxA Develop and implement a commissioning plan Project Team or CxA Project Team or CxA Review contractor submittals applicable to systems being commissioned N/A CxA Verify the installation and performance of commissioned systems CxA CxA Develop a systems manual for the commissioned systems N/A Project Team and CxA Verify that the requirements for training are completed N/A Project Team and CxA Complete a summary commissioning report CxA CxA Review building operation within 10 months after substantial completion N/A CxA 117 Submittal –Construction Phase • Provide name, firm and experience for the CxA. • Confirm that the 6 required tasks have been completed. • Narrative description of the results of the commissioning design review, implementation of the systems manual and training, and the plan for the review of building operation at 8 to 10 months. EAc3 –Enhanced Commissioning 118 The project owner has designated you to hire the Enhanced Commissioning Authority for a 100,000 sq. ft. retail center. What restrictions must you ensure the Commissioning Authority meets to qualify for LEED credit? (choose 2) A. Be independent of the design and construction work B. Not a contracted employee through the design firm C. Have building experience on at least 3 other building projects D. Not an employee or contractor of the owner E. Not an employee of a contractor or construction manager that holds construction contracts A, E -See EA Credit 3 Enhanced Commissioning, Requirements, The CxA must: be independent of the design and construction work; not be an employee of the design firm; not be an employee of or contracted by a contractor holding construction contracts. The CxA can be an employee or consultant to the owner. EAc4–Enhanced Refrigerant Management Value: NC –2 points Schools –1 point Core and Shell –2 points Intent: • Reduce ozone depletion and support early compliance with the Montreal Protocol while minimizing direct contributions to global warming. Requirements: • OPTION 1 – Do not use refrigerants. ----OR--- • OPTION 2 – Select refrigerants and HVAC+R that minimize or eliminate the emission of compounds that contribute to ozone depletion and global warming. The base building HVAC+R equipment shall comply with the formula: – Do not install fire suppression systems that contain ozone depleting substances ( CFCs, HCFCs, or Halons). – Small HVAC equipment (<0.5 lbs of refrigerant) are exempt. LCGWP + LCODP x 10^5 ≤ 100 120 Calculations • Information required for each unit of base building HVAC+R equipment: • Refrigerant charge, (Rc) in lbs of refrigerant per ton of cooling capacity • Refrigerant type (used to determine ODprand GWPr) • Equipment type( used to determine Life) Submittal –Design Phase • HVAC+R equipment types, including number, size (tons), refrigerant, and refrigerant charge. • Narrative describing any special circumstances or calculation explanations. EAc4–Enhanced Refrigerant Management 121 EAc5 –Measurement & Verification Value: NC –3 points Schools –2 points Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Provide for ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. Requirements: • Develop and implement a Measurement & Verification (M&V) Plan consistent with Option D: Calibrated Simulation (Savings Estimation Method 2), or Option B: Energy Conservation Measure Isolation, as specified in the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003. • The M&V period shall cover a period of no less than one year of post-construction occupancy. • Provide a process of corrective action is results suggest that energy savings are not being achieved. 122 EAc5 –Measurement & Verification Referenced Standards • International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) • Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003 • www.ipmvp.org Calculations • IPMVP Volume III provides fundamental calculation formulae as well as quantitative guidelines for error estimation and tolerance for various M&V options. Submittal –Construction Phase • Confirm the IPMVP Option pursued by the project • Upload a copy of the M&V plan • Narrative describing any special circumstances or calculation explanations. 123 EAc5.1 –Measurement & Verification –Base Building CS Only Value: 3 points Intent: • Provide for ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. Requirements: • Develop and implement a Measurement & Verification (M&V) Plan consistent with Option D: Calibrated Simulation (Savings Estimation Method 2), or Option B: Energy Conservation Measure Isolation, as specified in the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003. 124 Referenced Standards • International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocol (IPMVP) • Volume III: Concepts and Options for Determining Energy Savings in New Construction, April 2003 • www.ipmvp.org Calculations • IPMVP Volume III provides fundamental calculation formulae as well as quantitative guidelines for error estimation and tolerance for various M&V options. Submittal –Construction Phase • Confirm the IPMVP Option pursued by the project • Upload a copy of the M&V plan • Narrative describing any special circumstances or calculation explanations. EAc5.1 –Measurement & Verification –Base Building 125 EAc5.2 –Measurement &Verification –Tenant Submetering CS Only Value:3 points Intent: • Provide for ongoing accountability of building energy consumption over time. Requirements: • Centrally monitored electronic metering network in the base building design that is capable of being expanded to accommodate the future tenant submeteringas required by LEED 2009 for Commercial Interiors rating System EA Credit 3: Measurement and Verification. • Develop a tenant measurement and verification (M&V) plan that documents and advises future tenants of this opportunity and the means of achievement. • Provide a process for corrective action if the results of the M&V plan indicate that energy savings are not being achieved. Submittal –Construction Phase Decide how the tenants will be accountable for their energy use; include specific indication of how energy use will be determined and how costs will be incurred. 126 EAc6 –Green Power Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Encourage the development and use of grid-source, renewable energy technologies on a net zero pollution basis. Requirements: • Provide at least 35% of the buildings electricity from renewable sources by engaging in at least a two-year renewable energy contract. Renewable sources are as defined by the Center for Resource Solutions (CRS) Green-eproducts certification requirements. • Determine the baseline electricity use by using the annual electricity consumption from the results of EA Credit 1. OR • Using the Department Of Energy Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey database to determine the estimated electricity use. Schools –can purchase green power on a centralized basis and use a portion for a specific project. CS –electricity usage of core & shell square footage as defined by the Building Owners and Managers Association (BOMA) Standards, but not less than 15% of total gross square footage. 127 EAc6 –Green Power Referenced Standard • Center for Resource Solutions' Green-eProduct Certification Requirements Exemplary Performance • 100% green power Calculations • There are two compliance paths to calculate the amount of electrical energy that must be obtained from Green-ecertified providers – Design Energy Cost – Default Electricity Consumption Submittal –Construction Phase OPTION 1 Provide name of the green power provider and contract term. Enter total annual electricity consumption (kwh) and total annual green power purchase (kwh) OPTION 2 Provide name of the renewable energy certificate vendor Enter total annual electricity consumption (kwh) Enter the value of the green tags purchased (kwh) 128 Materials and Resources 129 Materials Key Terms & Concepts • Separated vs. Commingled • Default Material Cost • Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) 130 Materials & Resources (MR) Goals – Reduce the amount of materials needed. – Use materials with less environmental impact. – Reduce and manage waste. NC –14 points Schools –13 points CS –13 points 131 MRp1 –Storage & Collection of Recyclables Value: Required for all rating systems Intent: • Facilitate the reduction of waste generated by building occupants that is hauled to and disposed of in landfills. Requirements: • Provide an easily accessible area that serves the entire building and is dedicated to the collection and storage of non-hazardous materials for recycling, including (at a minimum) paper, corrugated cardboard, glass, plastics and metals. Commercial Building Square Footage [sf] Minimum Recycling Area [sf] 0 to 5,000 82 5,001 to 15,000 125 15,001 to 50,000 175 50,001 to 100,000 225 100,001 to 200,000 275 200,001 or greater 500 132 MRp1 –Storage & Collection of Recyclables Submittals –Design Phase • Confirm recycling areas have been provided, per requirements, to meet the needs of the project. • Confirm the types of materials that are being collected for recycling. • Optional narrative to describe any special circumstances or considerations regarding the projects prerequisite approach. 133 MRc1.1 –Building Reuse: Maintain Existing Walls, Floors & Roof Value: NC –3 points Schools –2 points Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Building Reuse Points (NC) 55% 1 75% 2 95% 3 Building Reuse Points (Schools) 75% 1 95% 2 134 Requirements • Maintain (based on surface area) existing building structure (including structural floor and roof decking) and envelope (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and non structural roofing material.) Hazardous materials that are remediated as a part of the project scope shall be excluded from the calculation of the percentage maintained. • If the project includes an addition to an existing building, this credit is not applicable if the square footage of the addition is more than twice the square footage of the existing building. MRc1.1 –Building Reuse: Maintain Existing Walls, Floors & Roof Calculations Based on surface areas of major existing building elements. Insert scanned chart Submittals –Construction Phase Confirm whether the project is strictly a renovation of an existing-building or a renovation of an addition. For projects with additions, confirm the square footage of the new addition(s). Provide a tabulation of the existing and reused areas (sq.ft.) of each structural envelope element. Optional narrative describing any special circumstances or considerations regarding the projects approach. 135 MRc1.2 –Building Reuse: Maintain Interior Non-Structural Elements Value:NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Requirements: • Use existing interior non-structural elements (interior walls, doors, floor coverings and ceiling systems) in at least 50% (by area) of the completed building (including additions). If the project includes an addition to an existing building, this credit is not applicable if the square footage of the addition is more than twice the square footage of the existing building. 136 Interior Non-Structural Element Total Area* (SF) Existing / Reused Area Percentage Reused (%) Gypsum Board Wall Partitions –Full Height 5,400 3,600 67% Gypsum Board Wall Partitions –Partial Height 650 650 100% Carpeting 10,000 0 0% Resilient Flooring 350 350 100% Ceramic Tile 150 150 100% Suspended Ceiling Systems 10,400 10,400 100% Gypsum Board Ceilings 350 350 100% Interior Doors (Wood) 525 420 80% Interior Windows / Sidelights 56 56 100% Interior Doors (Metal) 42 42 100% Interior Casework / Cabinetry 235 150 64% TOTALS 28,158 16,168 57% *Note: The Total Area calculation includes both new and existing/reused materials. MRc1.2 –Building Reuse: Maintain Interior Non-Structural Elements 137 Calculations • Also based on square footage calculations of existing and retained interior elements with retained elements totaling 50%. Submittal –Construction Phase • Confirm whether the project is strictly a renovation of an existing-building or a renovation of an addition. For projects with additions, confirm the square footage of the new addition(s). • Provide tabulation of the total and reused areas (sq.ft.) of each non-structural element. Provide an optional narrative describing any special circumstances or considerations regarding the projects approach. MRc1.2 –Building Reuse: Maintain Interior Non-Structural Elements 138 MRc1 –Building Reuse: Maintain Existing Walls, Floors & Roof Core and Shell ONLY Value: NC –N/A Schools –N/A Core and Shell –Up to 5 points Intent: • Extend the life cycle of existing building stock, conserve resources, retain cultural resources, reduce waste and reduce environmental impacts of new buildings as they relate to materials manufacturing and transport. Building Reuse Points (CS) 25% 1 33% 2 42% 3 50% 4 75% 5 139 MRc1 –Building Reuse: Maintain Existing Walls, Floors & Roof Requirements: • Maintain (based on surface area) existing building structure (including structural floor and roof decking) and envelope (exterior skin and framing, excluding window assemblies and non structural roofing material.) Hazardous materials that are remediated as a part of the project scope shall be excluded from the calculation of the percentage maintained. • If the project includes an addition to an existing building, this credit is not applicable if the square footage of the addition is more than six times the square footage of the existing building. Calculations Based on surface areas of major existing building elements. Insert scanned chart Exemplary Performance Maintain 95%. Submittals –Construction Phase Confirm whether the project is strictly a renovation of an existing-building or a renovation of an addition. For projects with additions, confirm the square footage of the new addition(s). 140 MRc2 –Construction Waste Management Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Divert construction and demolition debris from disposal in landfills and incinerators. Redirect recyclable recovered resources back to the manufacturing process. Redirecting reusable materials to appropriate sites. Recycled or Salvaged Points 50% 1 75% 2 Requirements: Recycle and/or salvage non hazardous construction and demolition. Develop and implement a construction waste management plan that, at a minimum, identifies the materials to be diverted from disposal and whether the materials will be sorted on-site or commingled. Excavated soil and land-clearing debris does not contribute to this credit. Calculations can be done by weight or volume, but must be consistent throughout. Strategies: Consider recycling cardboard, metal, brick, acoustical tile, concrete, plastic, clean wood, glass, gypsum wallboard, carpet and insulation. Note that diversion may include donation of materials to charitable organizations and salvage of materials on-site. 141 MRc2 –Construction Waste Management Calculations (by weight or volume) • Hazardous materials and excavated soil do not count towards this credit Exemplary Performance • The percent of total waste diverted is 95%or greater. 142 MRc2 –Construction Waste Management Diverted/Recycled Materials Description Diversion/Recycling Hauler or Location Quantity of Diverted / Recycled Waste Unites (tons/cy) Concrete ABC Recycling 138.0 Tons Wood Z-Construction Reuse 10.2 Tons Gypsum Wallboard ABC Recycling 6.3 Tons Steel Re-Cycle Steel Collectors 1.1 Tons Crushed Asphalt On-Site Reuse 98.2 Tons Masonry ABC Recycling 6.8 Tons Cardboard ABC Recycling 1.6 Tons TOTAL CONSTRUCTION WASTE DIVERTED 262.2 Tons Landfill Materials Description Landfill Hauler or Location Quantity of Diverted / Recycled Waste Units (tons/cy) General Mixed Waste XYZ Landfill 52.3 Tons TOTAL CONSTRUCTION WASTE SENT TO LANDFILL 52.3 Tons TOTAL OF ALL CONSTRUCTION WASTE313.5 Tons PERCENTAGE OF CONSTRUCTION WASTE DIVERTED FROM LANDFILL 84.4% 143 Construction Materials • Total Material Cost • CSI Divisions 3-10 • Default Material Cost Default Material Cost =(.45)*Est. Total Construction Costs (Div. 3-10) Example: Est. Total Construction Costs (Div. 3-10) = $1,000,000 Default Material Cost = $450,000 144 MRc3 –Materials Reuse Value: NC –2 points Schools –2 points Core and Shell –1 point Intent: • Reuse building materials and products in order to reduce demand for virgin materials and to reduce waste, thereby reducing impacts associated with the extraction and processing of virgin resources. Requirements: NC & Schools • Use salvaged , refurbished or reused materials such that the sum of these materials constitutes at least 5% (1 point), based on cost, of the total value of materials on the project. 10%reuse yields a second point. CS Use salvaged , refurbished or reused materials such that the sum of these materials constitutes at least 5% (1 point), based on cost, of the total value of materials on the project. Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing components and specialty items such as elevators and equipment shall not be included in this calculation. Only include materials permanently installed in the project. Furniture may be included, providing it is included consistently in MR Credits 3-7 Strategies: Consider salvaged materials such as beams and posts, flooring, paneling, doors and frames, cabinetry and furniture, brick and decorative items. 145 MRc3 –Materials Reuse Calculation Exemplary Performance NC & Schools • The value of salvaged or reused materials used on the project is equal to at least 15%of the total material cost. CS • The value of salvaged or reused materials used on the project is equal to at least 10%of the total material cost. Percent reuse materials = Cost of reuse materials ($) total materials cost ($) 146 A schools renovation project is working to reuse materials in the project. The total materials cost of the project is estimated to be $2.3 million dollars. The project used the following items: Item Cost ---------------------------------------------------------------------------Interior Doors rehung in new locations $10,000 Salvaged Brick $89,000 Salvaged Wood $30,000 Cabinet Hardware $5,000 What percentage of material is applicable to Materials and Resources Credit, Materials Reuse? A. 5.2% B. 4.5% C. 5.4% D. 5.8% D -The doors can be included even though they are still being used as doors because they have been moved to a new location. The cabinet hardware can be included because they are components that retain and continue to serve their original function. So the calculation should include: $10,000 + $89,000 + $30,000 +$5,000 = $134,000. Then divide by the total materials cost. $134,000/$2,300,000 = 5.8% The architect and other project designers are reviewing material choices for a new office space. Which salvaged materials will not contribute to Materials and Resources Credit, Materials Reuse? (choose 2) A. Decorative items B. Cabinets C. Beams D. Toilets E. Lighting fixtures D, E -Reference: Materials and Resources Credit, Materials Reuse, Requirements. Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing components shall not be included in this calculation. Furniture and furnishings are excluded UNLESS they are included consistently across MR Credits 3-7, so the answer choice 'decorative items' can indeed contribute to MR C3.1, and thus is a correct answer choice. MRc4 –Recycled Content Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Increase demand for building products that incorporate recycled content materials, thereby reducing impacts resulting from extraction and processing of virgin materials. Requirements: • Use materials with recycled content, such that the sum of post-consumer recycled content constitutes at least 10%(based on cost) of total value of materials in the project for 1 point. 20%earns an additional point (post-consumer + ½ pre-consumer). • Recycled content shall be defined in accordance with the International Organization for Standardization document, ISO 14021-Environmental labels and declarations-Self declared environmental claims( Type II environmental labeling).Post consumer material–a waste material generated by households or by commercial industrial, and institutional facilities in their role as end-users of the product, which can no longer be used for it's intended purpose.Pre-consumer material-material diverted from the waste stream during the manufacturing process 149 MRc4 –Recycled Content Referenced Standards • International Organization for Standardization, ISO 14021-1999 self declared environmental claims Calculations Exemplary Performance •Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the requirements reach the next incremental step. For recycled content, the total recycled value must be 30%or greater. Equation 1 Recycled Content Value ($)= (% post-consumer recycled content x material cost) = 0.5 x(% pre-consumer recycled content *material cost) Equation 2 Percent Recycled= Total Recycled Content Value ($) ContentTotal Materials Cost ($) 150 Submittal Total project materials cost (Divisions 2-10) or provide the total project cost for Divisions 2-10 to apply the 45% default materials value. Tabulation of each material used on the project that's being tracked for recycled content. Tabulation must include a description of material, manufacturer of material, product cost, pre-consumer and/or post consumer recycled content percentage, and source of recycled content data. Provide optional narrative describing any special circumstances or considerations regarding the projects approach. MRc4 –Recycled Content 151 MRc5 –Regional Materials Value: 2 points for all rating systems Intent: • Increase demand for building materials and products that are extracted and manufactured within the region, thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources and reducing the environmental impacts resulting from transportation. Requirements: • Use building materials or products that have been extracted, harvested or recovered, as well as manufactured, within 500 miles of the project site for a minimum of 10%(based on cost) of the total materials value for 1 point. If only a fraction of a product or material is extracted/harvested/recovered/ and manufactured locally, then only that percentage (by weight) shall contribute to the regional value. 20%earns an additional point. 152 MRc5 –Regional Materials Strategies: • Establish a project goal for locally sourced materials and identify material suppliers that can achieve goal. During construction, ensure that the specified recycled content materials are installed and quantify the total percentage of local materials installed. Consider a range of environmental, economic and performance attributes when selecting products and materials. Calculations • List those products believed to extracted/harvested/recovered and manufactured within 500 miles of the project site. • Indicate manufacturer name, product cost, distance between project site and manufacturer, distance between project site and extraction site for each raw material contained within each product. Exemplary Performance • Project teams may earn an Innovation in Design point for exemplary performance when the requirements reach the next incremental percentage threshold. For regionally harvested, extracted and manufactured materials, the credit calculation must be 30%or greater. 153 MRc5 –Regional Materials Submittal –Construction Phase • Projects total cost( for application of 45% default factor) or total materials cost • Complete regional materials calculation table in Submittal template. Included will be 1. product name for each tracked material 2. material manufacturer 3. Total product cost of each tracked material 4. Percentage of product, by weight, that meets both the extraction and manufacture criteria 5. Distance between the project site and extraction/harvest/recovery site 6. Distance between project site and final manufacturing location • Optional narrative describing any special narrative describing any special circumstances or considerations regarding the projects credit approach 154 MRc6 –Rapidly Renewable Materials Value: NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Reduce the use and depletion finite raw materials and long-cycle renewable materials by replacing them with rapidly renewable materials. Requirements: • Use rapidly renewable building materials and products ( made from plants that are typically harvested within a ten-year cycle or shorter) for 2.5%of the total value of all building materials and products used in the project, based on cost. Strategies: • Establish a project goal for rapidly renewable materials and identify products and suppliers that can support achievement of this goal. Consider materials such as bamboo, wool, cotton insulation, agrifiber, linoleum, wheatboard, strawboard and cork. During construction, ensure that the specified renewable materials are installed. 155 MRc6 –Rapidly Renewable Materials Calculations • Identify those products that are considered rapidly renewable and their material costs to the project. Exemplary Performance • Innovation in Design points for exemplary performance are available when the requirements reach the next incremental percentage threshold. For rapidly renewable materials, the percentage must be 5%or greater. 156 A renovation project had a total cost of $40 million. The building materials cost is $20 million. Rapidly renewable materials were used extensively. What must the cost of the renewable materials be to achieve Materials and Resources Credit, Rapidly Renewable Materials? A. $500,000 B. $1,000,000 C. $2,000,000 D. $4,000,000 A -Rapidly renewable materials must make up 2.5% of the materials cost, or $20 million * 2.5% = $500,000 Which materials can be utilized for Materials and Resources Credit, Rapidly Renewable Materials? (chose 2) A. Pine flooring B. Recycled hardwood flooring C. Cotton batt insulation D. Sunflower seed board panels E. Salvaged doors found onsite C, D -See Materials and Resources Credit, Rapidly Renewable Materials, Examples. Salvaged doors can be used for materials reuse. Pine flooring doesn't contribute to Rapidly Renewable Materials. Recycled hardwood flooring can be used for materials reuse. Construction Materials Material Total Material Cost ($) MaterialRe-use ($) Recycled Content ($) Regional Material ($) Rapidly Renewable ($) Steel (30%post, 10% pre) $100,000 $0 $35,000 $0 $0 Aggregate (30% fly ash) $100,000 $0 $15,000 $70,000 $0 Bamboo $20,000 $0 $0 $0 $20,000 Wheatboard $10,000 $10,000 $0 $10,000 $10,000 DecorativeStone $10,000 $10,000 $0 $10,000 $0 Sub-totals $240,000 $20,000 $50,000 $90,000 $30,000 Default Material Cost = $450,000 159 MRc6 –Certified Wood Value: NC –N/A Schools –N/A Core and Shell –1 point Intent: • Encourage environmentally responsible forest management. Requirements: • Use a minimum of 50%of wood-based materials and products, which are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's (FSC)Principles and Criteria, for wood building components. Wood products purchased for temporary use on the project (e.g. framework, bracing, scaffolding, sidewalk protection, and guard rails) may be included, all such materials must be included in the calculation. If such materials are purchased for use on multiple projects, the applicant may include these materials for only one project, at it's discretion. 160 REFERENCED STANDARDS • Forest Stewardship Councils Principles and Criteria CALCULATIONS • List all new wood on the project and identify which components are FSC-certified. Use the following equation, tally both the new wood and the FSC-certified wood Exemplary • Innovation in Design points for exemplary performance are available when the requirements reach the next incremental percentage threshold. For FSC-certified wood, the credit calculation must be 95%FSC-certified wood or greater. MRc6 –Certified Wood Certified WoodMaterial Percentage = FSC-Certified Wood Market Value($) Total New Wood MaterialValue ($) 161 MRc6 –Certified Wood SUBMITTALS -Construction • List of items (and /or components of products) claimed as FSC certified, including product type, manufacturer, and the appropriate entity's COC certification number. Each product name can then be cross-referenced with the manufacturer or vendor COC # during the LEED certification review. • Complete regional materials calculation table in Submittal template. Included will be 1. Product name for each tracked material 2. Material manufacturer 3. Total product cost of each tracked material 4. Percentage of product, by weight, that meets both the extraction and manufacture criteria 162 MRc7 –Certified Wood Value: NC 1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Encourage environmentally responsible forest management. Requirements: • Use a minimum of 50% of wood-based materials and products, which are certified in accordance with the Forest Stewardship Council's (FSC)Principles and Criteria, for wood building components. Wood products purchased for temporary use on the project (e.g. framework, bracing, scaffolding, sidewalk protection, and guard rails) may be included, all such materials must be included in the calculation. If such materials are purchased for use on multiple projects, the applicant may include these materials for only one project, at it's discretion. 163 MRc7 –Certified Wood Referenced Standards • Forest Stewardship Councils Principles and Criteria Calculations • List all new wood on the project and identify which components are FSC-certified. Use the following equation, tally both the new wood and the FSC-certified wood Exemplary Performance • Innovation in Design points for exemplary performance are available when the requirements reach the next incremental percentage threshold. For FSC-certified wood, the credit calculation must be 95%FSC-certified wood or greater. CertifiedWood Material percentage = FSC-CertifiedWood Market Value ($) Total NewWood Material Value ($) 164 MRc7 –Certified Wood Submittal –Construction Phase • List of items (and /or components of products) claimed as FSC certified, including product type, manufacturer, and the appropriate entity's COC certification number. Each product name can then be cross-referenced with the manufacturer or vendor COC # during the LEED certification review. • Complete regional materials calculation table in Submittal template. Included will be 1. product name for each tracked material 2. material manufacturer 3. Total product cost of each tracked material 4. Percentage of product, by weight, that meets both the extraction and manufacture criteria 165 Indoor Environmental Quality 166 IEQ Key Terms & Concepts • ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 • ANSI/ASTM-E779-03 • Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 52.2-1999 – Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) • South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Rule #1168 • South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD), Rule #1113 • Green Seal Standard 36 (GS-36) –Aerosol Adhesives • Green Seal Standard 03 (GS-03) –Anticorrosive paints • Green Seal Standard 11 (GS-11) –Topcoat paints • Carpet and Rug Institute – Green Label Plus Program • FloorScoreTMProgram • GreenguardIndoor Air Quality Certified • ASHRAE Standard 55-2004 • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard S12.60-2002 167 Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) Goals – Establish good indoor air quality. – Eliminate, reduce, manage the sources of indoor pollutants. – Ensure thermal comfort and system controllability. – Provide for occupant connection to the outdoor environment. NC –15 pointsSchools –19 pointsCS –12 points 168 IEQp1 –Minimum IAQ Performance Value: required for all rating systems Intent: • Establish minimum indoor air quality (IAQ) performance to enhance indoor air quality in buildings, thus contributing to the comfort and well being of the occupants. Requirements: • Meet the requirements of Sections 4 through 7 of ASHRAE 62.1-2007, Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality. Mechanical ventilation systems shall be designed using the Ventilation Rate Procedure or the applicable local code, whichever is more stringent. • Naturally ventilated buildings shall comply with ASHRAE 62.1-2007, paragraph 5.1. • For CS projects, systems must be able to meet anticipated tenant requirements. 169 IEQp1 –Minimum IAQ Performance Strategies • Three basic methods for ventilating buildings: • Active Ventilation (i.e., mechanical ventilation) • Passive Ventilation (I.e. natural ventilation ) • Mixed-mode ventilation (i.e., both mechanical and natural ventilation) Referenced Standards • ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality Calculations Mechanical Engineer will complete the calculation from the LEED Reference guide. 170 IEQp1 –Minimum IAQ Performance Submittal -Design Phase • Narrative description describing projects ventilation design. AND • For mechanically Ventilated Buildings: confirmation that the project has been designed to meet the minimum requirements of ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 (Sections 4-7), ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality, using the Ventilation Rate Procedure. -OR- • For Naturally Ventilated Buildings: confirmation that the project has been designed to comply with the requirements for location and size of window openings per ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007, Section 5.1 AND • For Naturally Ventilated Buildings: provide applicable project drawings to show the naturally ventilated building zones and the operable window areas. 171 IEQp2 –Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Value: Required for all rating systems Intent • Minimize exposure of building occupants, indoor surfaces, and ventilation air distribution systems to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). Requirements • OPTION 1 (Only Option for Schools) – Prohibit smoke in the building – Locate any exterior designated smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows. -OR- • OPTION 2 – Prohibit smoking in the building except in designated smoking areas. – Locate any exterior designated smoking areas at least 25 feet away from entries, outdoor air intakes and operable windows. – Locate designated smoking rooms to effectively contain, capture and remove ETS from the building. At minimum, the smoking room must be directly exhausted to the outdoors with no recirculation of ETS-containing air to the non-smoking area of the building, and enclosed with impermeable deck-to-deck partitions. 172 IEQp2 –Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Option 2 (continued) – Performance of the smoking room differential air pressures shall be verified by conducting 15 minutes of measurement, with a minimum of one measurement every 10 seconds, of the differential pressure in the smoking room with respect to each adjacent area and in each adjacent vertical chase with the doors to the smoking room closed. -OR- OPTION 3 (for residential buildings only) • Prohibit smoking in all commons areas of the building. • Locate any exterior designated smoking areas as least 25 ft away from entries, outdoor intakes and operable windows opening to common areas. • Minimize uncontrolled pathways for ETS transfer between individual residential units by sealing penetrations in walls, ceilings, and floors in the residential units, and by sealing vertical chases adjacent to the units. • Residential units must demonstrate less than 1.25 square inches leakage area per 100 square feet of enclosure area (i.e., sum of all wall, ceiling and floor areas.) 173 IEQp2 –Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) Control Referenced Standards • ANSI/ASTM-E779-03, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization Submittal –Design Phase • Confirmation that the project has met the requirements for the appropriate project category: Non-Smoking Building; Building with Designated Smoking Rooms: or Residential Project. • For buildings with interior smoking rooms or for residential projects, provide appropriate copies of construction drawings to document the location of the smoking rooms, designed area separations, and dedicated ventilation systems. • Optional narrative may be provided to further describe the testing protocol/results and compliance methods implemented by the project. 174 IEQp3 –Minimum Acoustical Performance Schools ONLY Value: Required Intent: • To provide classrooms that are quiet so that teachers can speak to the class without straining their voices and students can effectively communicate with each other and the teacher. Requirements: • Design classrooms and core learning spaces to include sufficient sound-absorptive finishes for compliance with reverberation time requirements as specified in ANSI Standard S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements and Guidelines for Schools. • Achieve a maximum background noise level from heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in classrooms and other core learning spaces of 45 dBA. AND 175 IEQp3 –Minimum Acoustical Performance Case 1: Classrooms and Core Learning Spaces <20,000 cubic feet. • Option 1: Confirm that 100% of all ceiling areas in all classrooms and core learning spaces are finished with material that has a Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC) of 0.70 or higher. • Option 2: Confirm total area of acoustical wall panels, ceiling finishes, and other sound-absorbent finishes equals or exceeds the total ceiling area of the room. Calculated materials must have an NRC of 0.70 or higher. Case 2: Classrooms and Core Learning Spaces >20,000 cubic feet. • Confirm through calculations described in ANSI Standard S12.60-2002 that all classrooms and core learning spaces greater than or equal to 20,000 cubic feet are designed to have a reverberation time of 1.5 seconds or less. Referenced Standards • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements, and Guidelines for Schools. • ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47, Sound and Vibration Control, 2003 HVAC Applications. 176 IEQp3 –Minimum Acoustical Performance Submittal –Design Phase • Manufacturer information for NRC for each acoustical material. • Document installed surface areas of sound-absorptive materials on interior elevations. • Record reverberation times. • Document that background noise was kept below 45 dBA by following ANSI S12.60 methodology or the ASHRAE Handbook. 177 IEQc1 –Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Provide capacity for ventilation system monitoring to help sustain occupant comfort and well-being. Requirements: • Install permanent monitoring systems that provide feedback on ventilation system performance to ensure that ventilation systems maintain design minimum ventilation requirements. Configure all monitoring equipment to generate an alarm when the conditions vary by 10% or more from setpoint, via either a building automation system alarm to the building operator or via a visual or audible alert to the building occupants. FOR MECHANICALLY VENTILATED SPACES • Monitor carbon dioxide concentrations within all densely occupied spaces (those with a design occupant density greater or equal to 25 people per 1000 sq. ft.) CO2 monitoring locations shall be between 3 ft and 6 ft above the floor. • For each mechanical ventilation system serving non densely occupied spaces, provide a direct outdoor airflow measurement device capable of measuring the minimum outdoor airflow rate with an accuracy of plus or minus 15% of the design minimum outdoor air rate, as defined by ASHRAE 62.1-2007. 178 IEQc1 –Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACES • Monitor CO2 concentrations within all naturally ventilated spaces. CO2 monitoring shall be located within the room between 3 ft and 6 ft above the floor. One CO2 sensor may be used to represent multiple spaces if the natural ventilation design uses passive stack(s) or other means to induce airflow through spaces equally and simultaneously with out intervention by building occupants. Submittal –Design Phase • Confirmation of the type of ventilation system and installed controls. • Narrative describing the projects ventilation design and CO2 monitoring system. Include specific information regarding location and quantity of installed monitors, operational parameters and setpoints. 179 IEQc2 –Increased Ventilation Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Provide additional outdoor ventilation to improve indoor air quality for improved indoor air quality for improved occupant comfort, well-being and productivity. Requirements: FOR MECHANICALLY VENTILATED SPACES • Increase breathing zone outdoor air ventilation rates to all occupied spaces by at least 30%above the minimum rates required by ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007 as determined by EQ Prerequisite 1. FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACES • Design natural ventilation systems for occupied spaces to meet the recommendations set forth in the Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide 237 [1998]. Determine the natural ventilation is an effective strategy for the project by following the flow diagram process shown in Fig. 1.18 of Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineer (CISBE) Applications Manual 10: 2005, Natural ventilation in non-domestic buildings. AND 180 IEQc2 –Increased Ventilation • Use diagrams and calculations to show that the design of natural ventilation systems meets the recommendations set forth in the CISBE Applications Manual 10: 2005, natural Ventilation in non domestic buildings. OR • Use a macroscopic, multi-zone, analytic model to predict that room-by-room airflows will effectively naturally ventilate, defined as providing the minimum ventilation rates required by ASHRAE 62.1-2007 Chapter 6, for at least 90%of occupied spaces. Referenced Standard –ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2007: Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality CALCULATIONS Mechanical Engineer will complete the calculation from the LEED Reference guide. Submittal –Design Phase FOR MECHANICALLY VENTILATED SPACES Confirmation that the breathing zone ventilation rates in all occupied spaces have been designed to exceed the minimum ASHRAE rates or applicable local code by minimum of 30%, Design Narrative FOR NATURALLY VENTILATED SPACES Confirmation that the natural ventilation system has been designed to meet the recommendations set forth in the Carbon Trust Good Practice Guide 237, Design Narrative 181 A new two-story office building will use natural ventilation. What will the design need to include for outdoor air delivery monitoring? A. Outdoor air -flow rate monitors in all densely occupied spaces B. Alarms when the outdoor air -flow rates vary by 15% from the design values C. CO2 monitoring that triggers an alarm when CO2 levels vary by 10% or more from the design values D. CO2 sensors in all private offices C -Reference: Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Outdoor Air Delivery Monitoring, Requirements. CO2 monitoring is needed that triggers an alarm when CO2 levels vary by 10% or more from the design values. CO2 monitors are needed in all densely occupied areas, not in all private offices. Alarms when the outdoor air -flow rates vary by 15% from the design values for mechanically ventilation spaces, but this question refers to naturally ventilated spaces. IEQc3.1/IEQc3 –Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction Value: 1 point for all rating systems (Core and Shell credit IEQc3) Intent: • Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well being of construction workers and building occupants. Requirements: • Develop and implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the construction and pre-occupancy phases of the building as follows: • During construction meet or exceed the recommended Control Measures of the Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association (SMACNA) IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction, 2007, Chapter 3. • Protect stored on-site or installed absorptive materials from moisture damage. • If permanently installed air handlers are used during construction, filtration media with a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 8 shall be used at each return air grille, as determined by ASHRAE 52.2-1999. Replace all filtration media immediately prior to occupancy. 183 IEQc3.1/IEQc3 –Construction IAQ Management Plan: During Construction Referenced Standards • IAQ Guidelines for Occupied Buildings Under Construction by SMACNA • ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2-1999: Method of Testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle size. Submittal –Construction Phase • Provide a copy of the projects Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan. • Confirm if the permanently installed air handling equipment was used during construction. • Provide photos to highlight the implemented construction IAQ practices. 184 A project team has hired a LEED consultant to assist them with their first LEED project. What will the consultant need to tell the project team to take photographs of if they choose to pursue those credits? A. Sustainable Sites Credit, Development Density and Community Connectivity B. Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan-During Construction C. Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation-Public Transportation Access D. Sustainable Sites Credit, Stormwater Design-Quantity Control B -Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan-During Construction requires photos that highlight the implemented construction IAQ practices. Sustainable Sites Credit, Development Density and Community Connectivity does not require a photo, but a photo is one alternative for providing the site vicinity plan. Sketches, block diagrams, and maps can also be used. Sustainable Sites Credit, Alternative Transportation-Bicycle Storage and Changing Rooms does not require a photo, but instead requires project drawings that show the location(s) of secure bicycle storage areas and shower/changing facilities. Sustainable Sites Credit, Stormwater Design-Quantity Control does not require a photo or drawing. IEQc3.2 –Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy Value: NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Reduce indoor air quality problems resulting from the construction/renovation process in order to help sustain the comfort and well being of construction workers and building occupants. Requirements: • Develop an implement an Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) Management Plan for the preoccupancy phase as follows: OPTION 1-FLUSH OUT • After construction ends, prior to occupancy and with all interior finishes installed, perform a building flush-out by supplying a total air volume of 14,000 cu. Ft. of outdoor air per sq. ft. of floor area while maintaining an internal temperature of at least 60% F and relative humidity no higher than 60%. OR 186 IEQc3.2 –Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy • If occupancy is desired prior to completion of the flush-out, the space may be occupied following delivery of a minimum of 3500 cu. Ft. of outdoor air per sq. ft. of floor area to the space . Once a space is occupied, it shall be ventilated at a minimum rate of .30 cfm/sq.ft. of outside air or the design minimum outside air rate determined in EQ Prerequisite 1, whichever is greater. During each day of the flush-out period, ventilation shall begin a minimum of three hours prior to occupancy and continue during occupancy. These conditions shall be maintained until a total of 14,000 cu.ft/sq.ft. of outside air has been delivered to the space. OR OPTION 2-AIR QUALIFYING TEST • Conduct baseline IAQ testing, after construction ends and prior to occupancy, using testing protocols consistent with the United States Environmental Protection Agency Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air and as additionally detailed in this Reference Guide. • Demonstrate that the contaminant maximum concentrations listed on next page are not exceeded. 187 IEQc3.2 –Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy Contaminant Maximum Concentration Formaldehyde 50 parts per billion Particulates (PM10) 50 micrograms per cubic meter Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) 500 micrograms per cubic meter * 4-Phenylcyclohexene (4-PCH) 6.5 micrograms per cubic meter Carbon Monoxide (CO) 9 part per million and no greater than 2 parts per million above outdoor levels *This test is only required if carpets and fabrics with styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) latex backing material are installed as part of the base building systems. 188 IEQc3.2 –Construction IAQ Management Plan: Before Occupancy Referenced Standard • United States Environmental Protection Agency "Compendium of Methods for the Determination of Air Pollutants in Indoor Air" Submittal –Construction Phase • Confirmation regarding the approach taken by the project (pre-occupancy flush-out; flush-out with early occupancy; IAQ testing) • A copy of the projects Indoor Air Quality testing report (if applicable) • Narrative describing the projects specific flush-out procedures and/or IAQ testing process and results. 189 A new construction project will have four stories. Each story is 25,000 SF. The project team will conduct a phased flush out plan for Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan-Before Occupancy. What is the minimum outdoor air delivery rate post-occupancy? A. 30,000 CFM B. 15,000 CFM C. 7,500 CFM D. 14,000 CFM A -According to IEQ Credit 3.2 Path 2, the occupied space must be ventilated at a rate of 0.3 cfm per square foot. Since the building is 100,000 sf, the ventilation rate post occupancy must be 30,000 cfm. 100,000 sf x 0.30 cfm/sf IEQc4.1 –Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants. Requirements: NC & CS • Adhesives and sealants used on the interior of the building (defined as inside of the weatherproofing system and applied on-site) shall comply with the requirements of the following reference standards: • Adhesives, Sealants, Sealant • Primers: South Coast Air Quality • Management District VOC limits • Aerosol Adhesives: Green Seal • Standard for Commercial Adhesive • GS-36 requirements 191 IEQc4.1 –Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants Schools • Adhesives and sealants in interior spaces must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. REFERENCED STANDARD • South Coast Rule #1168 January 7, 2005 Amendment by the South Coast Air Quality Management District. • Green Seal Standard 36 (GS-36), Effective October 19, 2000 • CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. 192 IEQc4.1 –Low-Emitting Materials: Adhesives & Sealants Submittal –Construction Phase • Provide listing of each indoor adhesive, sealant and sealant primer product used on the project. Include the manufacturers name, product name, specific VOC data (in g/l, less water) and the corresponding allowable VOC from the referenced standard. • Provide listing of each indoor aerosol adhesive product used on the project. Include the manufacturers name, product name, specific VOC data (in g/l, less water) for each product, and the corresponding allowable VOC from the referenced standard. • Provide narrative describing any special circumstances or non-standard compliance paths taken by the project. 193 IEQc4.2 –Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants. Requirements: NC & CS • Architectural paints, coatings and primers applied to interior walls and ceilings not to exceed Green Seal Standard limits: 1. Flats: 50 g/L 2. Non-Flats 150 g/L • Anticorrosive and anti-rust paints applied to interior ferrous metal substatesnot to exceed VOC content limit of 250g/L 194 IEQc4.2 –Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings • Clear wood finishes, floor coatings, stains, sealers, and shellacs applied to interior elements not to exceed South Coast Air Quality Management District: 1. Clear wood finishes: varnish 350 g/L; lacquer 550 g/L 2. Floor Coatings: 100 g/L 3. Sealers: waterproofing sealers 250 g/L; sanding sealers 275 g/L; all other sealers 200 g/L 4. Stains: 250 g/L 5. Shellac: clear 730 g/L ; pigmented 550 g/L Schools • Paints and coatings in interior spaces must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. 195 IEQc4.2 –Low-Emitting Materials: Paints & Coatings Referenced Standards • Green Seal Standard GS-11, Paints • Green Seal Standard GC-03, Anti-Corrosive Paints • South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1113, Architectural coatings • CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. Submittal –Construction Phase • Provide listing of each indoor paint and coating used on the project • Narrative 196 IEQc4.3 –Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants. Requirements: NC& CS • All carpet/carpet cushion installed in the building interior shall meet the testing and product requirements of the Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Plus Program. • All carpet adhesives shall meet the requirements of EQ credit 4.1: • VOC limit of 50 g/L. • Hard surfaces must be compliant with FloorScoreby 3rdparty verification. (i.e. linoleum, laminate flooring, wood flooring, rubber flooring and wall base. • Floorscorefor 100% of non-carpet flooring that covers 25% of total finished floor area. • SCAQMD rule 1168 & 1113 apply to all sealants and coatings, respectively. 197 IEQc4.3 –Low-Emitting Materials: Flooring Systems Schools • Flooring elements in interior spaces must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. Referenced Standards • Carpet and Rug Institute (CRI) Green Label Plus Testing Program • FloorScoreTMProgram 198 What certification program tests and certifies hard surface flooring and associated products for compliance with criteria adopted in California for indoor air emissions of VOCswith potential health effects? A. SCAQMD B. Floorscore C. EPA Energy Star D. AB1132 B. Floorscore IEQc4.4 –Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to the comfort and well-being of installers and occupants. Requirements: NC & CS • Composite wood and agrifiberproducts used on the interior of the building (defined as inside of the weatherproofing system) shall contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. Laminating adhesives used to fabricate on-site and shop-applied composite wood and agrifiberassemblies shall contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins. • Composite wood and agrifiberproducts are defined as: particleboard, medium density fiberboard (MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, panel substrates and door cores. Furniture and equipment are not considered base building elements and are not included. 200 IEQc4.4 –Low-Emitting Materials: Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products Schools • Composite wood and agrifiberproducts in interior spaces must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. Submittal –Construction Phase • Provide listing of each composite wood and agrifiberproduct installed in the building interior. Confirm that each product does not contain any urea-formaldehyde. • Narrative describing any special circumstances or non-standard compliance paths taken by the project. 201 IEQc4.5 –Low-Emitting Materials: Furniture and Furnishings Schools Only Value: 1 point Intent: • Reduce quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to indoor occupants. Requirements: • Option 1: Furniture and seating must be GREENGUARD Children and School certified • Option 2: Calculate indoor air concentrations less than or equal to those below (EPA Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Large Chamber Test Protocol for Measuring Emissions of VOCs and Aldehydes): Chemical Contaminant Classroom Furniture Seating Total VOCs 0.5 mg/m3 0.25 mg/m3 Formaldehyde 50 parts/billion 25 parts/billion Total aldehydes 100 parts/billion 50 parts/billion 4-PCH 0.0065 mg/m3 0.00325 mg/m3 202 Requirements (cont.): • Option 3: Calculated indoor air concentrations that fall under the limits in the table for Option 2 by using a procedure based on ANSI/BIFMA M7.1-2007 and ANSI/BIFMA X7.1-2007 conducted by an independent third party. Submittals –Construction Phase • Maintain paperwork for GREENGUARD furniture certification. • Maintain table and results of furniture testing. IEQc4.5 –Low-Emitting Materials: Furniture and Furnishings 203 IEQc4.6 –Low-Emitting Materials: Ceiling and Wall Systems Schools Only Value: 1 point Intent: • Reduce quantity of indoor air contaminants that are odorous, irritating and/or harmful to indoor occupants. Requirements: • All gypsum board, insulation, acoustical ceiling systems and wall coverings installed in the building interior must meet CA Dept. of Health Services Standard Practice for Testing of Volatile Organic Emissions from Various Sources Using Small-Scale Environmental Chambers, including 2004 Addenda. Submittals –Construction • Verify that the above CA Dept. of Health Services standard has been met. 204 IEQc5 –Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Minimize exposure of building occupants to potentially hazardous particulates and chemical pollutants. Requirements: • Employ permanent entryway systems at lest six ft long in the primary direction of travel to capture dirt and particulates from entering the building at all entryways. Acceptable entryway systems include permanently installed grates, grilles, or slotted systems that allow for cleaning underneath. Roll-out mats are only acceptable when maintained on a weekly basis by a contracted service organization. Qualifying entryways are those that serve as regular entry points for building users. • Where hazardous gases or chemicals may be present or used (including garages, housekeeping/laundry areas and copying/ printing rooms) , exhaust each space sufficiently to create negative pressure with respect to adjacent spaces with the doors to the room closed. The pressure differential with the surrounding spaces shall be at least 5 Pa (0.02 inches of water gauge) on average and 1 Pa (0.004 inches of water) at a minimum when the doors to the rooms are closed. 205 IEQc5 –Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control Requirements (continued) • In mechanically ventilated buildings, provide regularly occupied areas of the building with air filtration media prior to occupancy that provides a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) of 13 or better. Filtration should be applied to process both return and outside air that is to be delivered as supply air. • Provide containment for proper disposal of Hazardous liquid wastes in places where mixing occurs. Referenced Standard • ANSI/ASHRAE 52.2-1999: Method of testing General Ventilation Air-Cleaning Devices for Removal Efficiency by Particle Size 206 IEQc5 –Indoor Chemical & Pollutant Source Control Submittal –Design Phase • Provide confirmation that required entryway systems have been provided. • Provide listing of each entryway product installed in the building. For roll-up or carpeted systems, confirm that the required contracted maintenance will take place. • Provide copies of the projects construction drawings to highlight the location of the installed entryway systems. • Confirm that chemical use areas have been designed as separate rooms with dedicated exhaust systems and appropriate negative pressurization. • Provide copies of the projects mechanical drawings to highlight the location of chemical usage areas, room separations, and the associated exhaust systems. • If mechanically ventilated, confirm that the installed filters and their associated MERV rating of 13 or better. • Provide listing of the installed filters and their associated MERV ratings. • Narrative 207 A project team is discussing synergies in the LEED charrette. Air filtration media with a MERV rating of 13 or higher is needed to earn which two combined IEQ credits? (choose 2) A. Increased Ventilation B. Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan-Before Occupancy C. Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan-During Construction D. Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control B, D -See Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan-Before Occupancy, Implementation, Flush-Out Procedure. MERV 13 or better filters are needed when a project wants to earn both IAQ Management Plan Before Occupancy and Indoor Chemical and Pollutant Source Control. IEQc6.1 –Controllability of Systems: Lighting Value: NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Provide a high level of lighting system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants. Requirements: NC • Provide individual lighting controls for 90% (minimum) of the building occupants to enable adjustments to suit individual task needs and preferences. AND • Provide lighting system controllability for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable lighting adjustment that meets group needs and preferences. Schools Case 1: Administrative Offices & Other Reg. Occupied Spaces • Same as NC above where multi-occupant spaces include all learning spaces. Case 2: Classrooms • Provide a lighting system that operates in at least 2 modes: general illumination and A/V. 209 IEQc6.1 –Controllability of Systems: Lighting Calculations • Adjustable Task Lighting • Shared Multi-Occupant Spaces Submittal –Design Phase • For individual workstation controls, provide a listing of the total number of individual workstations and lighting controls. • For shared multi-occupant space control, provide a listing of the projects group multi-occupant spaces and a description of the installed lighting controls. 210 An office project will have 300 individual offices, 1,000 cubicles, 10 reception desks, and 40 conference rooms. The project team has installed lighting control systems in all work stations, offices, and conference rooms. How many points can this project earn? A. 2 points B. 3 points C. 1 points D. 0 points C -For Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Controllability of Systems-Lighting 1 point is earned for providing 90% building occupants with individual lighting controls AND lighting controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces. Even though the project has installed controls in 100% of the areas, there is no exemplary performance point for this credit. IEQc6.2/IEQc6 –Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort Value: NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –1 point (IEQc6) Intent: • Provide a high level of thermal comfort system control by individual occupants or by specific groups in multi-occupant spaces (i.e., classrooms or conference areas) to promote the productivity, comfort and well-being of building occupants. Requirements: • Provide individual comfort controls for 50% (minimum) of the building occupants to enable adjustments to suit individual tasks needs and preferences. Operable windows can be used in lieu of comfort controls for occupants of areas that are 20 feet inside of and 10 ft to either side of the operable part of the window. The areas of operable window must meet the requirements of ASHRAE 62.1-2004, paragraph 5.1, Natural Ventilation. AND • Provide comfort system controls for all shared multi-occupant spaces to enable adjustments to meet group needs and preferences\ 212 IEQc6.2/IEQc6 –Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort CS • Core and Shell projects must involve to purchase & installation of the mechanical/window systems to qualify. Strategies: • Design the building and systems with comfort controls to allow adjustments to suit individual needs or those of groups in shared spaces: • operable windows • hybrid systems integrating operable windows and mechanical systems • mechanical systems alone • individual thermostat controls • local diffusers at floor, desk or overhead levels • control of individual radiant panels 213 Referenced Standards • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2004: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy IEQc6.2/IEQc6 –Controllability of Systems: Thermal Comfort Calculation • Individual Thermal Comfort • Shared Multi-occupant Spaces Submittal –Design Phase For individual workstation controls, provide a listing of the total number of individual workstations and thermal controls. For shared multi-occupant space control, provide a listing of the projects group multi-occupant spaces and a description of the installed thermal controls. Provide narrative describing projects comfort control strategy. For CS, record the number of expected occupants on a floor-by-floor basis. 214 An open office plan will have natural ventilation through the installation of operable windows. The office will have 225 occupants. The plan also has 4 conference rooms. How many workstations must be located 20 feet inside and 10 feet to either side of the operable windows to provide individual comfort controls? A. 203 B. 180 C. 113 D. 184 C -Reference: Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Controllability of Systems-Thermal Comfort, Requirements. 50% of occupants need to be able to be able to adjust their comfort level. There are 225 occupants and 50% of that is 113 (rounded up). Operable windows can be used to meet the credit requirements. IEQc7.1/IEQc7 –Thermal Comfort: Design Value: NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –1 point (IEQc7) Intent: • Provide a comfortable thermal environment that supports the productivity and wellbeing of building occupants. Requirements: • Design HVAC systems and the building envelope to meet the requirements of ASHRAE Standard 55-2004, Thermal Comfort Conditions for Human Occupancy. Demonstrate design compliance in accordance with the Section 6.1.1 Documentation. Schools For natatoriums, comply with "Typical Natatorium Design Conditions" from Chapter 4 of the ASHRAE HVAC Applications Handbook, 2003 edition. CS Scope must include purchase and installation of mechanical systems to qualify. 216 Reference Standard • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy • Charter Institute of Building Engineers (CISBE) Applications Manual 10-2005, Natural Ventilation in Non-Domestic Buildings Submittal –Design Phase • Provide data regarding seasonal temperature and humidity design criteria • Provide narrative describing method used to establish the thermal comfort conditions for the project and how the systems design addresses the design criteria. Include specific information regarding compliance with the referenced manual. IEQc7.1/IEQc7 –Thermal Comfort: Design 217 IEQc7.2 –Thermal Comfort: Verification Value: NC –1 point Schools –1 point Core and Shell –N/A Intent: • Provide for the assessment of building thermal comfort over time. Requirements: • Agree to implement a thermal comfort survey of building occupants within a period of six to 18 months after occupancy. This survey should collect anonymous responses about thermal comfort in the building including an assessment of overall satisfaction with thermal performance and identification of thermal comfort-related problems. Agree to develop a plan for corrective action if the survey results indicate that more than 20%of occupants are dissatisfied with thermal comfort in the building. This plan should include measurement of relevant environmental variables in problem areas in accordance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2004. NC • Install permanent monitoring system to ensure that comfort performance is achieved as defined by IEQc7.1. 218 A project team is meeting with the facility operator to discuss the ongoing thermal comfort of the occupants. When must the survey for thermal comfort occur? A. 12 months after certification B. 6 to 18 months after occupancy C. 10 months after occupancy D. 12 months after occupancy C -Reference: Indoor Environmental Quality Credit, Thermal Comfort-Verification, Requirements. Conduct the survey 6-18 months after occupancy. IEQc7.2 –Thermal Comfort: Verification Referenced Standard • ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 55-2004: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Submittal –Design Phase • Provide narrative describing the survey planned for the validation of the thermal comfort conditions for the project. Include a specific description of the provisions for creating a plan for corrective action. 220 IEQc8.1 –Daylight and Views: Daylight Value: NC –1 point Schools –3 points Core and Shell –1 point Intent: • Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building. Requirements: OPTION 1-SIMULATION • Demonstrate through computer simulations, that a minimum daylight illumination level of 25 footcandleshas been achieved in a minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areas. Modeling must demonstrate 25 horizontal footcandlesunder clear sky conditions, at noon, on the equinox, at 30" above the floor. 221 IEQc8.1 –Daylight and Views: Daylight OPTION 2-Prescriptive (Side-lighting) • Achieve a value of between 0.150 & 0.180 for windows at least 30 inches above the floor in regularly occupied spaces as calculated by the product of visible light transmittance (VLT) and window-to-floor area ratio (WFR). See Reference Guide for details on performing this calculation. OPTION 3-MEASUREMENT • Demonstrate through records of indoor light measurements, that a minimum daylight illumination level of 25 footcandleshas been achieved in at least 75% of all regularly occupied areas. Measurements must be taken on a 10ft grid for all occupied spaces and must be recorded on building floor plans. OPTION 4-COMBINATION • Any of the above combinations to demonstrate at least 75% compliance. FOR ALL • Provide glare control devices to reduce impact on visual quality. 222 IEQc8.1 –Daylight and Views: Daylight Schools OR 75% of all other regularly occupied spaces (1 additional point). This additional point can only be achieved if at least one point is achieved for classrooms. NC & CS Classroom Spaces Points 75% 1 90% 2 RegularlyOccupied Spaces Points 75% 1 223 Calculations • OPTION 1-SIMULATION • OPTION 2-PRESCRIPTIVE • OPTION 3-DAYLIGHT Exemplary Performance • For NC & CS, 95%daylightingof regularly occupied spaces. • For Schools, 90% daylightingfor classrooms and 95%for other regularly occupied spaces. Submittal –Design Phase SIMULATION • Complete the template calculation spreadsheet to demonstrate that the project complies with the minimum illumination levels. The following data is required for input in the template: total regularly occupied space area (sq. ft.) ; total regularly occupied space area that achieves a simulated minimum of 25 footcandles. • Provide copies of the applicable project drawings showing the illumination simulation results. OR IEQc8.1 –Daylight and Views: Daylight 224 PRESCRIPTIVE • Complete the calculations and show the results of the Side-lighting diagram to demonstrate compliance. OR MEASUREMENT • Complete the template calculation spreadsheet to demonstrate that the project complies with the minimum illumination levels. The following data is required for input in the template: total regularly occupied space area (sq. ft.); total regularly occupied space area that achieves a simulated minimum of 25 footcandle. • Provide copies of the applicable project drawings showing the illumination simulation results. • Provide a narrative describing any special occupancy areas that have been excluded from compliance. Narrative should include a detailed description of the space function and an explanation as to why the inclusion of views would hinder the normal tasks/function of each excluded area. IEQc8.1 –Daylight and Views: Daylight 225 IEQc8.2 –Daylight and Views: Views Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • Provide for the building occupants a connection between indoor spaces and the outdoors through the introduction of daylight and views into the regularly occupied areas of the building. Requirements: • Achieve direct line of sight to the outdoor environment via vision glazing between 2'-6" and 7'-6" above finish floor for building occupants in 90%of all regularly occupied areas. Determine the area with direct line of sight by totaling the regularly occupied square footage that meets the following criteria: • In plan view, the area is within sight lines drawn from perimeter vision glazing. • In section view, a direct sight line can be drawn from the area to perimeter vision glazing. CS • The core & shell design must incorporate feasible tenant layouts. 226 Exemplary Performance • Credit may be eligible for exemplary performance under the Innovation in Design section, however, there is no prescribed threshold for determination of exemplary performance. Projects will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Calculations • Direct line of sight to perimeter Vision Glazing • Horizontal View at 42 inches Submittal –Design Phase • Complete the template calculation spreadsheet to demonstrate overall access to views from occupied spaces. The f0llowing data is required for input in the template: occupied space identification, occupied space area (sq.ft.); area of each occupied space with direct access to views. • Provide copies of the applicable project drawings showing the line of sight from interior spaces through exterior windows in both plan and sectional views. IEQc8.2 –Daylight and Views: Views 227 IEQc9 –Enhanced Acoustical Performance SCHOOLS ONLY Value: 1 point Intent: • To provide classrooms with higher quality teacher-student and student-student communication through effective acoustical design. Requirements: Sound Transmission • Meet Sound Transmission Class (STC) requirements of ANSI Standard S12.60-2002, Acoustical Performance Criteria, Design Requirements and Guidelines for Schools for building shell, classroom partitions and core learning spaces (minus windows which must meet STC rating of at least 35). Background Noise • Reduce background noise level to 40dBA or less from heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in classrooms and other core learning spaces. 228 IEQc9 –Enhanced Acoustical Performance Exemplary Performance • Outdoor background noise level of 55 dBAfor playgrounds and 60 dBAfor athletic fields and all other school grounds, or an indoor noise level of 35 dBA. Submittal –Design Phase • Denote STC ratings for wall, ceiling, and floor assemblies. Describe treatments used for sound control where ductwork and other passages connect spaces and make notes of these on clear plans. • Document the means by which the background noise level in classrooms and other primary spaces was kept below 45 dBAusing ANSI S12.60 methodology or software from 2007 HVAC Applications ASHRAE Handbook, Chapter 47 and Vibration Control. 229 IEQc10 –Mold Prevention SCHOOLS ONLY Value: 1 point Intent: • To reduce the potential of mold in schools through preventative design and construction measures. Requirements: Project Teams must achieve the following credits: • IEQc3.1: Construction Indoor Air Quality Management Plan –During Construction • IEQc7.1: Thermal Comfort –Compliance • IEQc7.2: Thermal Comfort –Verification Provide HVAC systems and controls designed to limit space relative humidity to 60% or less during all load conditions, in occupied and unoccupied spaces. Develop and implement ongoing IAQ management according to US EPA document, Building Air Quality: A Guide for Building Owners and Facility Managers, EPA reference number 402-F-91-102, December 1991. 230 IEQc10 –Mold Prevention Exemplary Performance • No prescribed threshold for determination so projects are evaluated on a case-by-case basis. Submittal –Design Phase • Document method used to limit space relative humidity to 60%. • Maintain a written IAQ management plan for operation and maintenance issues. 231 Innovation in Design (ID) -6 Points Goals – Recognize projects for innovative building features and sustainable building knowledge. – Recognize strategies that greatly exceed LEED thresholds. 232 IDc1 –Innovation in Design Value: NC –5 points Schools –4 points Core and Shell –5 points Intent: • To provide design teams and projects the opportunity to be awarded points for exceptional performance above the requirements set by the LEED-NC Green Building Rating System and/or innovative performance in Green Building categories not specifically addressed by the LEED-NC Green Building Rating System. Requirements: • In writing, identify the intentof the proposed innovation credit, the proposed requirementfor compliance, the proposed submittals to demonstrate compliance, and the design approach (strategies) that might be used to meet the requirements. 233 IDc1 –Innovation in Design Typically, exemplary performance awarded for: • Doubling the credit requirements • Achieving the next incremental percentage threshold Three criteria for achieving an innovation credit not addressed by LEED: 1. Demonstrate quantitative performance improvements for environmental benefit (establishing a baseline of standard performance for comparison to final design). 2. Process or specification must be comprehensive. 3. Formula that your project develops for the innovation credit must be applicable to other projects. NOTE: Exemplary Performance can be claimed for up to 3 points. The remaining IDc1 points must be claimed through innovative processes. 234 IDc2 –LEED Accredited Professional Value: 1 point for all rating systems Intent: • To support and encourage the design integration required by a LEED-NC green building project and to streamline the application and certification process. Requirements: • At least one principal participant of the project team shall be a LEED Accredited Professional. Strategies: • Educate the other project team members about proper green building design and construction and application of the rating system early in the life of the project. • Expertise to coordinate the documentation process for certification. • Appropriate candidates for accreditation are architects, engineers, consultants, owners and others with strong interest in sustainable building design. Submittals –Design Phase Name of LEED AP Name of LEED AP's company Brief description of LEED AP's project role Copy of LEED AP certificate. 235 IDc3 –The School As A Teaching Tool Schools ONLY Value: 1 point Intent: • To integrate the sustainable features of a school facility with the school's educational mission. Requirements: • Design curriculum based on the sustainable features of the building and implement the curriculum within 10 months of LEED certification. The curriculum should include the relationship between humans, nature and the building itself. It must also be approved by the school administrator and meet state and local standards while providing at least 10 hours of classroom instruction per year, per full-time student. 236 A new school project earned LEED Silver certification for New Construction. The design team along with some teachers put together a class based on the whole building design. In order to stay compliant and meet the requirements of Innovation in Design Credit, how much instruction must be provided to earn Innovation in Design Credit, The School as a Teaching Tool? A. 10 or more hours of classroom instruction and one offsite field trip per year, per full-time student B. 10 or more hours of classroom instruction per year, per full-time student C. 10 or more hours of documented self-study per year, per teacher D. Any 10 hour combination of classroom and offsite instruction per year, per full-time student and per teacher B -Reference: Innovation in Design Credit, The School as a Teaching Tool, Requirements. This credit requires 10 or more hours of classroom instruction each year for every full-time student. RPc1 –Regional Priority Value: 4 points for all rating systems Intent: • To provide an incentive for achievement of credits that address geographically specific environment priorities. Requirements: • For all US projects, earn up to 4 extra points for achieving up to 4 out of the 6 credits identified by the USGBC regional councils as having local to regional importance. The regional priority credits for each region are determined by the zip code of the project location and the information regarding the chosen credits for a particular zip code can be found on the USGBC website or through project registration. 238 95202 • SSc5.2 –Site Development Maximize Open Space • WEc2 –Innovative Wastewater technologies • WEc3 (40%) -Water Use Reduction • EAc2 (1%) - • MRc1.1 (55%) –Building Reuse –Walls, Floors, Roofs • IEQc8.1 -Daylight & Views 75% 240 Kelley Engineering –OSU Sustainable Site + Water • Building orientation to maximize daylighting opportunities • Stormwater planters and permeable pavers decrease runoff • Rainwater capturing from roof drains used to flush toilets and urinals • Challenge of preserving the trees 241 Kelley Engineering –Daylighting Atrium • Clerestory window and light shelf at south provides controlled south light • Clerestory window at north provides more diffused light • Large clear skylights provide additional light Graduate Student Offices • Receive light from the atrium • Top floor has translucent skylights to bring light into the back of the space Faculty Offices • Sunscreens and light shelves at south • Light shelves only at north • Relites and transoms allow some light into hallways 241 242 Kelley Engineering–Natural Ventilation Perimeter offices are ventilated with operable windows • Operable windows are controlled by the HVAC system • Graduate student offices on north are ventilated with transfer ducts routed over the perimeter offices • Atrium acts as a chimney to draw air from the perimeter and exhaust it out the top Night Flushing • Concrete structure soaks up heat during the day • Windows and transfer ducts open at night to allow air into the building to remove heat from the concrete structure • Heated air flows into the atrium to be exhausted at the clerestory louvers 242 243 Kelley Engineering–Perimeter offices Operable windows at exterior are controlled by HVAC, but have a manual override function • When windows are open, HVAC damper in access floor closes • Operable transom windows allow air and light into the hallways • Sunscreens at south provide shading from high angle sun • Light shelves balance light levels in the space and rotate for ease of cleaning • Photocell dimming and occupancy sensors • Task lights supplement ambient lighting Light shelf Exposed concrete structure Task lighting HVAC damper Daylighting window View window Operable window Questions? 244 245